![\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c551.jpg\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215143046-61b9fc160854b.jpg\" "\\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c551.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u9ad8\u6dd1\u84c9, \u7126\u8389\u8389, \u6613\u5b5f\u8d85, \u7b49. \u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\/\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c[J]. \u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u5b66\u520a, 2021, 39(2): 151-160.\u00a0<\/p>\n
GAO S R, JIAO L L, YI M C, et al. Mechanism and research progress of anti\/de-icing using\u00a0hydrophobic\/superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2021, 39(2): 151-160.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u91cd\u70b9\u9879\u76ee\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0851936004\uff09\uff1b\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\uff0852006068\uff09\uff1b\u5317\u4eac\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u9762\u4e0a\u9879\u76ee\uff083212025\uff09\uff1b\u4e2d\u95f4\u9ad8\u7b49\u9662\u6821\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u8d44\u91d1\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\uff082020MS060\uff09<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u9ad8\u6dd1\u84c9\uff081989-\uff09\uff0c\u5973\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u4eba\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u51fa\u6db2\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u5bf9\u6d41\u4f20\u70ed\uff0c\u78b0\u649e\u7ed3\u51bb. E-mail\uff1a18010188595@163.com<\/p>\n
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\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\/\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c<\/p>\n
\u9ad8\u6dd1\u84c91,2\u00a0,\u00a0\u7126\u8389\u83891,2\u00a0,\u00a0\u6613\u5b5f\u8d851,2\u00a0,\u00a0\u91d1\u4f73\u946b1,2\u00a0,\u00a0\u738b\u6653\u4e1c1,2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
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\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1a\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\/\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u51fa\u6db2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u53cd\u8df3\u7279\u70b9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
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Mechanism and research progress of anti\/de-icing using hydrophobic\/superhydrophobic surfaces<\/p>\n
GAO Shurong1,2\u00a0,\u00a0JIAO Lili1,2\u00a0,\u00a0YI Mengchao1,2\u00a0,\u00a0JIN Jiaxin1,2\u00a0,\u00a0WANG Xiaodong1,2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Abstract: Inhibiting icing of droplets is of great significance in practical engineering applications, and thus, employing an economical and efficient anti\/de-icing method is a research hotspot. Traditional technologies such as liquid anti-icing, electric heating anti-icing, air heating anti-icing, and mechanical de-icing have significant anti\/de-icing effects, but they also suffer from issues such as high energy consumption, limited anti-icing time, and incomplete de-icing effect; whereas the anti\/de-icing technique based on hydrophobic\/superhydrophobic surfaces can have obvious advantages. In this study, we first review the mechanism and affecting factors of anti\/de-icing process using hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. Then, we address the existing problems for this anti\/de-icing technique, and point out that the efficiency of the anti\/de-icing process can be further improved by using the rebound characteristics of droplets. Finally, we suggest that it is necessary to systematically study the coupling characteristics of the kinetic process, the heat transfer process and the freezing process of impacting droplets in the future, so that it can provide a theoretical guidance for ice inhibition using the rebound characteristics of droplets.<\/p>\n
Keywords:\u00a0anti\/de-icing mechanism\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0hydrophobic\/superhydrophobic surface\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0droplet\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0influence factor\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rebound characteristic\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
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0 \u5f15\u3000\u8a00<\/p>\n
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\u6587\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78b0\u649e\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u7ed3\u51bb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u4ece\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5177\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5728\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8be6\u5c3d\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u5371\u5bb3\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5728\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u6280\u672f\u6027\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u53cd\u8df3\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6839\u6e90\u4e0a\u6291\u6b62\u7ed3\u51bb\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6784\u601d\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u6765\u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u5c55\u78b0\u649e\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u51bb\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u85d5\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n
1 \u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9009\u7528\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u63d0\u5347\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u6642\u95f4[12]\uff1b\u6216\u662f\u9009\u7528\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u971c\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u9644\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u51b0\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u9664\u53bb[13]\u3002\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u4ece\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u51bb\u6642\u95f4\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u5bf9\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u7279\u6027\u5f00\u5c55\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u51bb\u6642\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u9ecf\u9644\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u662f\u5439\u98ce\u9664\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1 \u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u89e6\u6291\u5236\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u7ed3\u51bb\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u51fa\u6db2\u4f4e\u6e29\u3001\u5f62\u6838\u3001\u518d\u8f89\u3001\u51bb\u6d01\u53ca\u5176\u56fa\u6001\u5236\u51b7\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe1\u6240\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u5f62\u6838\u6eab\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u8868\u5c42\u4ea7\u751f\u6838\u5316\u9020\u6210\u51b0\u971c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u5f62\u6838\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u6642\u95f4\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u5f62\u6838\u6642\u95f4\uff0c\u5f62\u6838\u662f\u51fa\u6db2\u7ed3\u51bb\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u51fa\u6db2\u6eab\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u5230\u51bb\u6d01\u6eab\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u518d\u8f89\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u6642\u95f4\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u518d\u8f89\u6642\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u518d\u8f89\u6642\u95f4\u5341\u5206\u77ed\u6682\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u5f62\u6838\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u518d\u8f89\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u505a\u4e3a\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u5f62\u6838\u518d\u8f89\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5f62\u6838\u518d\u8f89\u6642\u95f4\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf[15-17]\uff0c\u5176\u662f\u70b9\u8bc4\u8868\u5c42\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u4e00[18-20]\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u56fe 1\u00a0\u51fa\u6db2\u5148\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4f4e\u6e29\u3001\u5f62\u6838\u3001\u518d\u8f89\u3001\u51bb\u6d01\u53ca\u5176\u56fa\u6001\u5236\u51b7\u7684\u7ed3\u51bb\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(\u5728\u5176\u4e2dT0\u548cTF\u5404\u81ea\u8868\u660e\u5f62\u6838\u6eab\u5ea6\u548c\u51bb\u6d01\u6eab\u5ea6)Fig.1\u00a0The freezing process of a solid droplet at the \u00a0 stage of supercooling, nucleation, reluminescence, freezing and solid cooling \u00a0 (T0\u00a0and\u00a0TF\u00a0represent the \u00a0 nucleation temperature and freezing temperature, respectively)<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u5f62\u6838\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\u53ef\u8868\u660e\u4e3a[21]\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0394Gc=\u0394GHomocf(m,x)\u0394Gc=\u0394GcHomof(m,x)\u00a0 \u00a0(1)\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0394GHomoc=16\u03c0\u03b333(\u0394G)2\u0394GcHomo=16\u03c0\u03b333(\u0394G)2\u00a0 (2)<\/p>\n
x=Rrcx=Rrc(3)<\/p>\n
m=cos\u03b8flatm=cos\u03b8flat(4)<\/p>\n
rc=\u22122\u03b3v\u0394Grc=\u22122\u03b3v\u0394G(5)<\/p>\n
\u0394G=Tm\u2212TTm\u0394H\u0394G=Tm\u2212TTm\u0394H(6)\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u00a0\u0394Gc\u0394Gc\u00a0\u4e3a\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u00a0\u0394GHomoc\u0394GcHomo\u00a0\u4e3a\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u00a0\u03b3\u03b3\u00a0\u4e3a\u51b0-\u6c34\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b[22]\uff0c\u00a0\u0394G\u0394G\u00a0\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb9\u79ef\u6db2\u56fa\u6539\u53d8\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\uff0cf(m,\u00a0x)\u4e3a\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u00a0rcrc\u00a0\u4e3a\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\uff0cR\u4e3a\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u7684\u5939\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u53ef\u8868\u660e\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
R(T)=Rbulk(T)V Rlg(T)Slg Rsl(T)SslR(T)=Rbulk(T)V Rlg(T)Slg Rsl(T)Ssl(7)<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0cR(T)\u3001\u00a0Rbulk(T)Rbulk(T)\u00a0\u3001\u00a0Rlg(T)Rlg(T)\u00a0\u3001\u00a0Rsl(T)Rsl(T)\u00a0\u5404\u81ea\u8868\u660e\u4e0e\u6eab\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u603b\u7a0b\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5bb9\u79ef\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u6db2\u6c14\u548c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u9875\u9762\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\uff1bV\u3001\u00a0SlgSlg\u00a0\u3001\u00a0SslSsl\u00a0\u5404\u81ea\u8868\u660e\u6db2\u6001\u5bb9\u79ef\u3001\u6db2\u6c14\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff1bT\u8868\u660e\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5f0f\uff087\uff09\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5f62\u6838\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5173\u952e\u4e0e\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u3001\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u548c\u6c14\u6e29\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.1 \u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c<\/p>\n
\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u6784\u9020\u89c4\u683c\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173[13,\u00a018,\u00a020,\u00a023-28]\u3002\u5f53\u51fa\u6db2\u5404\u81ea\u78b0\u649e\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u5149\u6d01\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u4e0e\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u7684\u03bcm\u53ca\u5176\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5149\u6d01\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4[13,\u00a018]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u89c4\u683c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u65f6\uff0cf\u00a0(m,\u00a0x)\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\u8d34\u8fd1\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u6291\u5236\u7ed3\u51bb\u7684\u76ee\u5730\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u89c4\u683c\u8d85\u8fc7\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5c11\u3002Heydari\u7b49[27]\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff08\u56fe2\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u4f4e\u4e8e\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u51f8\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8d85\u8fc7\u51f9\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u4e14\u51cf\u5c11\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4\uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u5c42\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570x\u6162\u6162\u6269\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u51f8\u8868\u5c42\u6216\u662f\u51f9\u8868\u5c42\uff0cf\u00a0(m,\u00a0x)\u6162\u6162\u8d8b\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5e73\u7a33\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u76f8\u8d34\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4\uff1b\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5371\u5bb3\u8f83\u5c0f[28]\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u89c4\u683c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8d34\u8fd1\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u662f\u5371\u5bb3\u8868\u5c42\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
![\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c552.jpg\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215143046-61b9fc162c70e.jpg\" "\\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c552.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u56fe 2\u00a0\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a94\u00b0\u4e0e30\u00b0\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u00a0f(m,x)f(m,x)\u00a0\u968f\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570X\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf[27]Fig.2\u00a0The function\u00a0f(m,x)f(m,x)\u00a0vs. \u00a0 the roughness parameter\u00a0X\u00a0for contact angles of 94\u00b0 and 30\u00b0[27]<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1.1.2 \u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027<\/p>\n
\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u662f\u5371\u5bb3\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u5c42\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u63d0\u5347\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4\u53ef\u660e\u663e\u589e\u52a0[12]\u3002\u8fd9\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u51cf\u7f13\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u51fa\u6db2\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0e\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f62\u6838\u518d\u8f89\u6642\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4e0e\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u7acb\u5373\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5f53\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u51cf\u5c11\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u9875\u9762\u51fa\u6db2\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u5728\u51fa\u6db2\u603b\u7a0b\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u7387\u51cf\u5c11\uff08\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff087\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u6838\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u8d8b\u5411\u5300\u8d28\u5f62\u6838\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f7f\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u51bb\u6d01\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u51fa\u6db2\u51bb\u6d01\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5371\u5bb3\u51fa\u6db2\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u56fe3\uff09\u3002\u51fa\u6db2\u51bb\u6d01\u6eab\u5ea6\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u6982\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5373\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u6027\u8d8a\u597d\u3002Huang\u7b49[29]\u8fd0\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\u6cd5\u548c\u4f4e\u6c1f\u88c5\u9970\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u94dc\u5e95\u6750\u8868\u5c42\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u753176.0\u00b0\u6269\u5927\u5230154.9\u00b0\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u8d77\u6b62\u6642\u95f4\u4ece206 s\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86485 s\uff0c\u5373\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u94dc\u8868\u5c42\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u94dc\u8868\u5c42\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u4e862\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e[29-30]\uff0c\u5f53\u51fa\u6db2\u5bb9\u79ef\u8f83\u5c0f\uff08\u598210 \u03bcL\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u5176\u51bb\u6d01\u6eab\u5ea6\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u6027\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u51fa\u6db2\u5bb9\u79ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff08\u5982300 \u03bcL\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u51fa\u6db2\u603b\u7a0b\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u5173\u952e\u86cb\u767d\u6fc0\u9176\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u51fa\u6db2\u5bb9\u79ef\u8fc7\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5371\u5bb3\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n
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![\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c553.jpg\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215143046-61b9fc16495c2.jpg\" "\\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c553.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u56fe 3\u00a0\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e(a)\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u548c(b)\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u77ac\u6001\u6eab\u5ea6\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8[12]Fig.3\u00a0Transient temperature variation for a water \u00a0 droplet freezing on (a) hydrophilic and (b) hydrophobic substrates[12]<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1.1.3 \u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6<\/p>\n
\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u662f\u5371\u5bb3\u51fa\u6db2\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f62\u6838\u66f4\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u3002Eberle\u7b49[19]\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6d82\u5c42\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u65f6\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\uff08\u221221 \u2103\uff09\u7a0d\u9ad8\u4e8e\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u6eab\u5ea6\uff08\u221224 \u2103\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7ed9\u51fa\u6784\u9020\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8f83\u591a\u53ef\u63d0\u534725\u949f\u5934\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u63d0\u5347\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u5f53\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u5bf9\u51fa\u6db2\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u4f1a\u6d88\u9000\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u8fc7\u51b7\u5ea6\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u7387\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5f53\u8fc7\u51b7\u5ea6\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u9875\u9762\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u64cd\u7eb5\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u8981\u7d20[12]\u3002\u5f53\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u9002\u5ea6\uff0c\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u9875\u9762\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u8d77\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u901f\u5ea6\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u5747\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\uff1b\u5f53\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u9875\u9762\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u662f\u51fa\u6db2\u7ed3\u51bb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6548[12,\u00a031]\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2 \u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/p>\n
\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u70b9\u8bc4\u8868\u5c42\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u600e\u6837\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u51b0\u9762\u66f4\u6613\u9664\u53bb\uff0c\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u758f\u51b0\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u9009\u7528\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u9540\u5c42\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u505a\u5230\u758f\u51b0\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u548c\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u662f\u5371\u5bb3\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.1 \u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u5bf9\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u5b58\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u8868\u5c42\u8010\u78e8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u51cf\u5c11[32-35]\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u5374\u62e5\u6709\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5efa\u8bae[36-38]\u3002\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u968f\u8868\u5c42\u8010\u78e8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u4e2d\u5b58\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u503c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u76f8\u4eff\u7684\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e43\u81f3\u76f8\u8ddd\u8fbe\u523010\u500d[34]\u3002T. Bharathidasan[35]\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7845\u57fa\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u51bb\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u88f8\u6253\u78e8\u629b\u5149\u94dd\u5408\u91d1\u578b\u6750\u4f4e43\u500d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7845\u57fa\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u758f\u51b0\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u6c1f\u5316\u6c22\u4f4e\u8868\u9762\u89e3\u51b3\u6539\u6027\u6750\u6599\u540e\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\uff0c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u7532\u57fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u51b0\u971c\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5b58\u6709\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94[38]\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u5f00\u5c55\u6539\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u4eb2\u6c34\u57fa\u56e2\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5927\u4e14\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u5c0f\u751f\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u8868\u5c42\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u8868\u5c42\u9ecf\u9644\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6[39-42]\u3002\u51b0\u9762\u9ecf\u9644\u529b\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570(\u00a01\u2212cos\u03b8rec1\u2212cos\u03b8rec\u00a0\uff09\u6210\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u00a0\u03b8rec\u03b8rec\u00a0\u662f\u5012\u9000\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u642d\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u6784\u9020\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u9ecf\u9644\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2.2 \u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6<\/p>\n
\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4e00\u6837\u4f1a\u5bf9\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4e0e\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1b\u63d0\u5347\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4f1a\u63d0\u5347\u51b0\u9762\u4e0e\u56fa\u6001\u8fb9\u754c\u5c42\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6[43-45]\u3002Hassan\u7b49[44]\u8fd0\u7528\u542b\u6709\u7535\u963b\u5e94\u53d8\u7247\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u632f\u52a8\u5668\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u505a\u4e3a\u611f\u5e94\u5668\u5bf9\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u94dd\u57fa\u8868\u5c42\u5f00\u5c55\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u5f53\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u75310.47 \u03bcm\u6269\u5927\u52301.65 \u03bcm\u65f6\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u75310.142 MPa\u5347\u9ad8\u52302.279 MPa\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u94dd\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4e0e\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u548c\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u5bf9\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u5f53\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u540c\u6837\u65f6[46]\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u624d\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5149\u6d01\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u8868\u5c42\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n
1.3 \u201c\u5f53\u7136\u878d\u51b0\u201d\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u878d\u51b0\u7279\u6027\u662f\u6839\u636e\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5916\u754c\u878d\u51b0\uff09\u6765\u70b9\u8bc4\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5728\u51b0\u878d\u5316\u7684\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u51b0\u5728\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff08\u5167\u90e8\u878d\u51b0\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u7136\u6446\u8131\u8868\u5c42[47-49]\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u5f53\u7136\u878d\u51b0\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u878d\u51b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u52a8\u80fd\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u878d\u51b0\u4e2d\u5177\u5907\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u906e\u76d6\u4e00\u5c42\u51b0\uff0c\u51bb\u6d01\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u51b0-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u53d8\u4e3a\u51b0-\u51b0\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u51b0\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u51b0\u9762\u4e0a\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u51bb\u6642\u95f4\u6216\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u529f\u6548\u5c06\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0cYang\u7b49[49]\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5f53\u7136\u878d\u51b0\u201d\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5b66\u8005[49]\u6839\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u5373\u5916\u9732\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u7247\u3001\u201c\u5c71\u72b6\u201d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u201c\u8349\u72b6\u201d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u5f53\u7136\u878d\u51b0\u201d\uff08\u56fe4\uff09\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u878d\u51b0\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u5177\u5907\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5b58\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u5c71\u72b6\u201d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u6b8b\u7247\u6216\u51fa\u6db2\u7559\u5230\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u201c\u8349\u72b6\u201d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5374\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u6db2\u6b8b\u4f59\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c71\u72b6\u201d\u8868\u5c42\u5b54\u9699\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5927\u91cf\uff0c\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u4f20\u70ed\u7cfb\u6570\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u66f4\u96be\u6eb6\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5728\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u201c\u8349\u72b6\u201d\u8868\u5c42\u51b0\u9762\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff081.8 ~ 1.9 MPa\uff09\u663e\u8457\u4f4e\u4e8e\u201c\u5c71\u72b6\u201d\u8868\u5c42\uff082.5 ~ 2.6 MPa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
![\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c554.jpg\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215143046-61b9fc166694c.jpg\" "\\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c554.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u56fe 4\u00a0\u5916\u9732\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u7247\u3001\u5c71\u72b6\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u8349\u72b6\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u6c34\u51bb\u6d01\u3001\u51b0\u878d\u5316\u548c\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7535\u8def\u539f\u7406\u56fe[49]Fig.4\u00a0Schematics of water freezing, ice melting and \u00a0 shedding process of bare Al substrate, the hill-like hydrophobic surface and \u00a0 the grassland-like hydrophobic surface[49]<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2 \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u56e0\u5176\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u4e0b\u8fb9\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u6839\u636e\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u7ed3\u51bb\u524d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7ed3\u51bb\u540e\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u5c42\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u5256\u6790\u5371\u5bb3\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1 \u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4<\/p>\n
\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5173\u952e\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u5347\u51b0\u971c\u5f62\u6838\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u622a\u6d41\u7a7a\u6c14\u63d0\u5347\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u4f20\u70ed\u7cfb\u6570\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5176\u5173\u952e\u53d7\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u548c\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1.1 \u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c<\/p>\n
\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u6784\u9020\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u8f83\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0e\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6765\u660e\u786e\u3002\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\uff0c\u51b0\u971c\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u7ed3\u51bb\u66f4\u96be\u4ea7\u751f[50-51]\u3002\u800c\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u5371\u5bb3\u56fa-\u6db2\u5177\u4f53\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u4f20\u70ed\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u56fa-\u6db2\u89e6\u78b0\u8303\u56f4\u5c0f\u4e14\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u4f20\u70ed\u7cfb\u6570\u5927\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u53ef\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4[31,\u00a052-55]\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5747\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5730\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u78b0\u649e\u5149\u6d01\u8868\u5c42[53]\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8981\u6bd4\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u9694\u70ed\u4fdd\u6e29\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u4f7f\u6db2\u56fa\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u4f20\u70ed\u7cfb\u6570\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5ef6\u957f\u4e86\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4[31,\u00a053]\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u6839\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u5907\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u67f1\u6784\u9020\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u67f1\u76f4\u5f91\u548c\u67f1\u9ad8\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e\u67f1\u9ad8\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0e\u67f1\u76f4\u5f91\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e14\u67f1\u76f4\u5f91\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8d8a\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u67f1\u76f4\u5f91\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u67f1-\u51b0\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u5347\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u67f1\u6784\u9020\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u51cf\u5c11\u56fa-\u6db2\u5177\u4f53\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1.2 \u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027<\/p>\n
\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u548c\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4e00\u540c\u5371\u5bb3\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\uff08\u56fe5\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5f62\u6838\u7684\u534a\u5f84\uff08x\u00a0 1\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u53ef\u660e\u663e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u65f6\u95f4\u51bb\u6d01\u6642\u95f4\u00a0[18]\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u758f\u51b0\u8868\u5c42\u52a1\u5fc5\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u548c\u5e73\u9762\u5ea6\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
![\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c555.jpg\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215143047-61b9fc1710c3a.jpg\" "\\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c555.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u56fe 5\u00a0\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u00a0f(m,x)f(m,x)\u00a0\u968f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u7c92\u5ea6\u548c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf[13]Fig.5\u00a0Geometric parameter\u00a0f(m,x)f(m,x)\u00a0variation \u00a0 with the relative radius and the contact angle[13]<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u4e00\u6837\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u5927\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u4e0d\u5229\u63d0\u5347\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u540c\u6837\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0e\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u56fe6\uff09[56]\u3002Arianpour\u7b49[57]\u548cYang\u7b49[58]\u4e5f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e86\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89c9\u5f97\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u3001\u5cf0\u591a\u3001\u9876\u5cf0\u591a\u7684\u5916\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
![\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c556.jpg\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215143047-61b9fc1796351.jpg\" "\\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c556.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u56fe 6\u00a0\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u8bd5\u54c1\u4e0a\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e(a)\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u548c(b)\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u7684\u5173\u8054[56]Fig.6\u00a0Correlation of the delay time for \u00a0 superhydrophobic surface samples with (a) the apparent contact angle and (b) \u00a0 the contact angle hysteresis[56]<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2.1.3 \u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6<\/p>\n
\u9664\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u8010\u78e8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u542b\u6e7f\u91cf\u4e0b\u5217\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u51b7\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u540e\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51dd\u56fa\u5728\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6f6e\u6e7f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5012\u9000\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u6269\u5927[27]\uff0c\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u51cf\u5c11\uff08\u56fe7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
![\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c557.jpg\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215143048-61b9fc1848dc0.jpg\" "\\"\u9664\u51b0\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c557.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u56fe 7\u00a0\u56db\u4e2a\u8868\u5c42\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f46\u6e7f\u6da6\u548c\u5730\u5f62\u7279\u5f81\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u5728\u22125 \u2103\u548c\u221210 \u2103\u65f6\u6c34\u73e0\u7684\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf[27]Fig.7\u00a0Freezing delay time of a water droplet with \u00a0 temperatures of \u22125 \u00b0C and \u221210 \u00b0C on \u00a0 four model surfaces with similar surface chemistry characteristics but \u00a0 different wetting and topography featuress[27]<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u4ece\u6f6e\u6e7f\u53d8\u5316[59]\u3001\u6c14\u57abcc\u70ed\u5bf9\u6d41\u529f\u6548[60]\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u5c42\u6210\u5206[61-62]\u7b49\u89c6\u89d2\u5256\u6790\u5176\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5f97\u5230\u9632\u7ed3\u51bb\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e[62]\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8868\u5c42\u6539\u6027\u6750\u6599\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u5916\u8c8c\u7684\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u5176\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0e\u7d93\u5178\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5f62\u6838\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u5316\u5408\u7269\u963b\u62e6\u4e86\u6c34\u73e0\u5728\u56fa-\u6db2\u9875\u9762\u7ed3\u51bb\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u9664\u5f00\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u5bf9\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u6210\u5206\u4e00\u6837\u5bf9\u63d0\u5347\u51bb\u6d01\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n
2.2 \u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/p>\n
\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u505a\u4e3a\u70b9\u8bc4\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u6297\u51b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u5173\u952e\u53d7\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\uff08\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n
2.2.1 \u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u5347\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u63d0\u5347\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0d\u6bd4\u8f83\u654f\u611f[36,\u00a063]\u3002Kulinich\u7b49[36,\u00a063]\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u540c\u6837\u65f6\uff0c\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\u4e14\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53cd\u5012\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n
Yeong\u7b49[40]\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u7ef4\u6301Cassie\u6001\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u9996\u8981\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8003\u8651\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u6784\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u600e\u6837\u51cf\u5c11\u56fa-\u6db2\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4f7f\u51fa\u6db2\u7ef4\u6301Cassie\u6001\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981[64-67]\u3002\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u03bcm\u6784\u9020\u3001\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u3001\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6700\u5c11\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u221210 \u2103\u4e0b\u7ea6\u4e3a80 kPa[53,\u00a068]\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u8868\u5c42\u53ef\u7ef4\u6301Cassie\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u6700\u5c11\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u51b0-\u6c14\u4f53\u548c\u51b0-\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u9875\u9762\u5904\u5b58\u6709\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u9694\u6c34\u5c42\uff0c\u53ef\u5177\u6709\u6da6\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u529f\u6548\u3002\u800c\u9488\u5bf9\u03bcm\u6784\u9020\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u4e92\u9501\u6548\u7528\u4fc3\u4f7f\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8[69]\u3002Chen\u7b49[38]\u53d1\u89c9\u5177\u5907\u6807\u51c6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e14\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5149\u6d01\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5177\u5907\u5173\u952e\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u51fa\u6db2\u5448Wenzel\u6001\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e17\u5165\u8868\u5c42\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42Cassie\u6001\u7684\u6c34\u73e0\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5167\u90e8\u4ea7\u751f\u51dd\u56fa[70-72]\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6f6e\u6e7f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6e17\u5165\u8868\u5c42\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u51b0\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5206\u6210\u56fa-\u51b0\u89e6\u78b0\u7684\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u9501\u6548\u5e94\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5185\u805a\u529b\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5149\u6d01\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
2.2.2 \u8868\u5c42\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027<\/p>\n
\u9664\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u5916\uff0c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u5bf9\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u5f53\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0e\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5c11\u3002Wang\u7b49[73]\u6839\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8868\u5c42\u8010\u78e8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u5907\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\/\u5916\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e8c\u79cd\u8868\u5c42\uff0c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51b0\u9762\u9644\u529b\u4e5f\u4ec5\u662f\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u768413%\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6c14\u4f53\u9694\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4f7f\u51fa\u6db2\u5448Cassie\u6001\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u6da6\u6ed1\u6027\u53ef\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5c11\u51b0\u9762\u7c98\u9644\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
2.2.3 \u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20<\/p>\n
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3 \u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\/\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c<\/p>\n
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4 \u7ed3\u3000\u8bba<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u7ed3\u51bb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u4ece\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\/\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5916\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u5bf9\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5728\u9632\/\u878d\u51b0\u6280\u672f\u6027\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u78b0\u649e\u51fa\u6db2\u7684\u53cd\u8df3\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ece\u6839\u6e90\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u6291\u6b62\u7ed3\u51bb\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6784\u601d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\/\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u53cd\u8df3\u7279\u70b9\u5408\u7406\u5730\u6291\u6b62\u7ed3\u51bb\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c06\u6765\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u78b0\u649e\u51fa\u6db2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u51bb\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u85d5\u5408\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
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