{"id":24219,"date":"2021-12-27T09:55:54","date_gmt":"2021-12-27T01:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.paiqinano.com\/?p=24219"},"modified":"2021-12-25T15:53:19","modified_gmt":"2021-12-25T07:53:19","slug":"%e8%8d%b7%e5%8f%b6%e5%9c%a8%e6%b0%b4%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%b6%85%e7%96%8f%e6%b0%b4%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81%e7%9a%84%e5%af%bf%e5%91%bd%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e4%b8%8e%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.paiqinano.com\/?p=24219","title":{"rendered":"\u8377\u53f6\u5728\u6c34\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4faf\u7ecd\u884c, \u738b\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4f1a*, \u9ec4\u5efa\u4e1a, \u5218\u6587\u5f3a<\/p>\n

\u6458\u00a0 \u8981<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u72b6\u51b5\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u8010\u8150\u8680\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u51cf\u963b\u548c\u907f\u514d\u6c34\u4e2d\u6c61\u6e0d\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5177\u5907\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c. \u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u662f\u7275\u5236\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20. \u6587\u4e2d\u6839\u636e\u6301\u7eed\u7eaa\u5f55\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u5904\u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u5149\u5149\u5f3a\u8f6c\u53d8\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e86\u83cf\u53f6\u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d. \u83cf\u53f6\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6e7f\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u968f\u65f6\u957f\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ef\u5212\u5206\u4e3a3\u4e2a\u73af\u8282: \u975e\u6e7f\u6da6\u73af\u8282\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6e7f\u6da6\u73af\u8282\u3001\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e7f\u6da6\u73af\u8282. \u975e\u6e7f\u6da6\u73af\u8282\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6642\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d, \u968f\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u5448\u6307\u6570\u503c\u964d\u4f4e, \u5728\u6c34\u4f4d\u9ad8\u8fc7\u5b54\u72b6\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7684\u6975\u9650\u6df1\u5c42\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11. \u6db2\u6c14\u4ecb\u9762\u7684\u5e73\u7a33\u501f\u52a9\u5b54\u72b6\u529b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u60ac\u67b6\u529b\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u4e00\u540c\u4fdd\u6301. \u63d0\u5347\u5b54\u72b6\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7684\u6975\u9650\u6c34\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd0\u7528.<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34, \u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d, \u5168\u53cd\u5c04, \u5b54\u72b6\u529b<\/p>\n

\n

\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u56e0\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u9632\u6f6e\u3001\u4f4e\u7c98\u9644\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u7279\u70b9, \u4e00\u76f4\u5438\u5f15\u4f4f\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u5fc3. Wenzel[1], Cassie \u548cBaxter[2]\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u56fa\u6db2\u6c14\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u5747\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u800c\u8868\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u836f\u6db2\u7684\u6e7f\u6da6\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a. \u6db2\u6001\u5728\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u5b58\u67092 \u79cd\u6e7f\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5: Wenzel \u60c5\u51b5\u548cCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5. Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u6db2\u6001\u4e0e\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e6\u78b0, \u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u975e\u5e38\u5927; Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u6db2\u6001\u53ea\u4e0e\u56fa\u6001\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u51f8\u51fa\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u89e6\u78b0, \u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u6c14\u4f53\u56f0\u5728\u6db2\u6001\u4e0e\u5e95\u6750\u4e2d\u95f4, \u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u4e0d\u5927. \u4fdd\u6301Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5e73\u7a33\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9020\u6210\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4f17\u591a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5.<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d, \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u8010\u8150\u8680\u3001\u51cf\u963b\u548c\u907f\u514d\u6c34\u4e2d\u6c61\u6e0d\u7b49\u4f5c\u7528[3], \u5177\u5907\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c. \u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u72b6\u51b5\u4f9d\u9760\u6c34\u4e2d\u505c\u7559\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u5b58\u6709, \u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u7a7a\u6c14\u5e76\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a[4]. \u800c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u5176\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u8fd0\u7528, \u52a1\u5fc5\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027. \u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5305\u542b2\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762: (1) \u5904\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u5fa1\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u9759\u6c34\u538b\uff1b(2) \u5728\u6052\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u529f\u6548\u4e0b\u539f\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u6700\u591a\u6642\u95f4, \u4e5f\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d. Poetes\u7b49\u4eba[4]\u548cLee\u7b49\u4eba[5]\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u62cd\u7167\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u76f8\u7247, \u4f9d\u636e\u76f8\u7247\u7070\u5ea6\u7ea7\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b, \u4f46\u76f8\u7247\u7070\u5ea6\u7ea7\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7167\u5ea6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3. Pei\u7b49\u4eba[6]\u548cSheng\u7b49\u4eba[7]\u6839\u636e\u7eaa\u5f55\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u5404\u81ea\u68c0\u6d4b\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u9759\u6c34\u538b. \u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6c92\u6709\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5256\u6790, \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5bff\u547d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u6c92\u6709\u4e0e\u539f\u6750\u6599\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u5f00\u5c55\u8f83\u4e3a. \u56e0\u800c, \u6587\u4e2d\u6839\u636e\u6301\u7eed\u7eaa\u5f55\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u5904\u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u5149\u5149\u5f3a\u8f6c\u53d8\u68c0\u6d4b\u83cf\u53f6\u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d, \u4ee5\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6fc0\u5149\u505a\u4e3a\u706f\u6e90\u8fdb\u800c\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7167\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd,\u63a2\u5bfb\u5371\u5bb3\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u7f18\u6545, \u4e3a\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u6dfb\u7816\u52a0\u74e6.<\/p>\n

1 \u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n

1.1 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe1\u6240\u663e\u793a, \u5149\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c6\u89d2\u5c04\u8fdb\u6c34\u91cc\u4f1a\u5728\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6db2\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5904\u4ea7\u751f\u5168\u53cd\u5c04\u72b6\u51b5, \u8fd9\u65f6\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927.\u4ece\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u53bb\u89c2\u67e5\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u89c1\u5149\u4eae\u7684\u94f6\u8272\u9875\u9762,\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u5904\u5b58\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14, \u5149\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6cd5\u900f\u8fc7\u7a7a\u6c14. \u5f53\u73af\u5883\u538b\u529b\u6301\u7eed\u6269\u5927\u6216\u6052\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e, \u6c34\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5165\u4fb5\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d, \u7a7a\u6c14\u5bb9\u79ef\u51cf\u5c11, \u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11. \u800c\u5f53\u6c34\u5f7b\u5e95\u5165\u4fb5\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d, \u6db2\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u6d88\u9000, \u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u5149\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8f83\u5f31. \u56e0\u800c, \u53ef\u4f9d\u636e\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6e7f\u6da6\u53d8\u5316\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 (\u7f51\u8def\u7248\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272)\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u5904\u7684\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u72b6\u51b5<\/p>\n

Figure 1 (Color online) Light reflection phenomenon of the superhydrophobicinterface<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.2 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u8bd5\u9a8c\u9009\u7528\u65b0\u9bae\u83cf\u53f6\u505a\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61: (1) \u7531\u4e8e\u83cf\u53f6\u7684\u03bcm\u6784\u9020\u5c3a\u5bf8\u9002\u5ea6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b; (2)\u7531\u4e8e\u83cf\u53f6\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5173\u7cfb[8], \u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u89c9\u5373\u4f7f\u5c06\u83cf\u53f6\u6ce1\u6d78\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e09\u56db\u5929\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u663e\u8457\u8f6c\u53d8. \u8bd5\u9a8c\u5e94\u7528\u6fc0\u5149\u53d1\u5c04\u5668(50mW, (650\u00b110) nm)\u505a\u4e3a\u706f\u6e90, \u7ea2\u5916\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u63a5\u53d7\u6298\u5c04\u5149, \u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5361\u5f00\u5c55\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u51b3. \u9009\u7528\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u505a\u4e3a\u706f\u6e90\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u5149\u4eae\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u5149, \u8fdb\u800c\u5927\u5927\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u623f\u95f4\u5185\u5149\u8f6c\u53d8\u5bf9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7d50\u679c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3. \u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u524d\u5c06\u6fc0\u5149\u53d1\u5c04\u5668\u548c\u7ea2\u5916\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f6e\u653e\u5728\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7eaa\u5f55\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6. \u968f\u540e\u5c06\u6c34\u8fdf\u7f13\u5730\u5012\u8fdb\u5bc6\u95ed\u5bb9\u79ef\u91cc, \u541e\u6ca1\u5168\u90e8\u83cf\u53f6(\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7ea62 cm). \u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u501f\u52a9\u6c34\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210. \u589e\u52a0\u5728\u83cf\u53f6\u4e0a\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u548c\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u5404\u81ea\u7531\u6db2\u4f4d\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u548c\u7ea2\u5916\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u5f00\u5c55\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u7eaa\u5f55. \u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u5f00\u5c552\u7ec4\u8bd5\u9a8c,\u4e00\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u7eaa\u5f55, \u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u7f6e\u653e\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u89c2\u67e5\u8f83\u4e3a. \u8bd5\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8, \u5e94\u7528\u53bb\u79bb\u5b50\u6c34,\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u62c6\u6362\u4e00\u6b21\u53bb\u79bb\u5b50\u6c34\u5e76\u95f4\u8ddd\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7167\u5c04\u6c34\u8d28. \u5149\u7167\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u95f4\u8ddd\u7ef4\u6301\u57285~20 min\u4e2d\u95f4.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 (\u7f51\u8def\u7248\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272)\u83cf\u53f6\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u9875\u9762\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u56fe<\/p>\n

Figure 2 (Color online) Graphs of reflected light intensity variation with time when lotus leaves are in different water depths<\/p>\n

\n

2.1 \u8bd5\u9a8c\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n

\u6700\u5148\u5bff\u547d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6c34\u4f4d\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a20, 40, 60\u548c90 cm. \u56fe2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u83cf\u53f6\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u9875\u9762\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8, \u7531\u56fe2(a)\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e3a\u662f\u591a\u5c11, \u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a, \u968f\u540e\u5feb\u901f\u51cf\u5c11. \u4e14\u6c34\u4f4d\u8d8a\u91cd, \u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u635f\u8017\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5feb. \u4f9d\u636e\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u5c06\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u5206\u62103\u6bb5: (1) \u5168\u53cd\u5c04\u73af\u8282, \u8fd9\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6700\u725b\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u660e\u6db2\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u7a33, \u9875\u9762\u4e3a\u94f6\u8272(\u56fe1(a)), \u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u6e7f\u6da6, \u83cf\u53f6\u4f9d\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5;(2) \u8fc5\u901f\u635f\u8017\u73af\u8282, \u8fd9\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u8868\u660e\u6db2\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a, \u7a7a\u6c14\u5feb\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9875\u9762\u8fd4\u5149\u51cf\u5f31, \u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u6e7f\u6da6, \u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u96be\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u4fdd\u6301; (3) \u6700\u540e\u5e73\u7a33\u73af\u8282, \u8fd9\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5904\u4e8e\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\u51c6\u4e0a\u8fdf\u7f13\u964d\u4f4e, \u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u4fee\u590d\u7fe0\u7eff\u8272(\u56fe1(b)), \u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u65f6\u6db2\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9000, \u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u6e7f\u6da6, \u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58.<\/p>\n

\u754c\u5b9a\u5168\u53cd\u5c04\u73af\u8282\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u4e3a\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u03c4hs. \u5f53\u83cf\u53f6\u5904\u4e8e20 cm\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6, \u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u03c4hs\u7ea6\u4e3a3160 min. \u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6d78\u5165\u6df1\u5c42\u6301\u7eed\u63d0\u5347\u523040, 60\u548c90 cm,\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u5404\u81ea\u51cf\u5c11\u4e3a2020, 1280\u548c840 min. \u8fd9\u4e00\u7d50\u679c\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u7b26\u5408[3,4]. \u6b21\u4e4b, \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e3a120, 150 cm.\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe2(b)\u6240\u663e\u793a, \u5f53\u83cf\u53f6\u5904\u4e8e120 cm\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6, \u5176\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u5206\u62103\u6bb5, \u4f46\u5168\u53cd\u5c04\u73af\u8282\u7684\u6642\u95f4\u4f1a\u5341\u5206\u77ed, \u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8655 min. \u800c\u5f53\u83cf\u53f6\u5904\u4e8e150 cm\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u65f6, \u5168\u53cd\u5c04\u73af\u8282\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9000, \u6298\u5c04\u5149\u5feb\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\u5e76\u7a33\u5b9a\u51fa\u6765. \u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u89c9\u5f97\u83cf\u53f6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e00\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u672a\u627e\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5, \u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u4e3a0.<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u7528\u524d4\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u5f00\u5c55\u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u4e0e\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u5173\u8054, \u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u968f\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5448\u6307\u6570\u503c\u635f\u8017, \u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u6570R2 = 0.997, \u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u7406\u60f3\u5316. \u4f46\u5f53\u6c34\u4f4d\u8d85\u51fa90 cm\u540e, \u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u6240\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7d50\u679c\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4(\u56fe3(a)\u793a), \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6d4b\u51fa\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d. \u800c\u8fd0\u75286\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u5f00\u5c55\u6307\u6570\u503c\u62df\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u7d50\u679c\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u597d, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u6570R2 = 0.982\u8f83\u4e3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u5bf9\u540e\u8fb93\u4e2a\u70b9\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u62df\u5408\u4e0d\u8db3\u597d. \u56e0\u800c\u8868\u660e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ea\u662f\u9002\u7528\u6c34\u4f4d\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u504f\u6d45\u7684\u72b6\u51b5. \u5bff\u547d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u5feb\u901f\u5c06\u83cf\u53f6\u53d6\u4e0b\u9009\u62e93\u4e2a\u70b9\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b, \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe3(b)\u6240\u663e\u793a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u83cf\u53f6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6e7f\u6da6\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684. \u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u4f4d\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\u5176\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u90fd\u4f4e\u4e8e150\u00b0, \u8868\u660e\u83cf\u53f6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u6e7f\u6da6, \u5e76\u4e14\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u5927, \u6c34\u73e0\u96be\u4ee5\u4ece\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u6eda\u4e0b\u6765. \u6c34\u4f4d\u8d8a\u91cd\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8d8a\u5927, \u6c34\u4f4d\u8d8a\u6de1\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u8d8a\u957f\u5176\u6e7f\u6da6\u6c34\u5e73\u8d8a\u5927.<\/p>\n

2.2 \u7d50\u679c\u5256\u6790<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5, \u9700\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u5904\u7684\u505c\u7559\u7a7a\u6c14\u5f00\u5c55\u53d7\u529b. \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe4\u6240\u663e\u793a, \u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529bPv\u3001\u6c34\u7684\u9759\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529bPl\u548c\u5b54\u72b6\u529b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u60ac\u67b6\u529bPs\u521b\u5efa\u5747\u8861:<\/p>\n

\"1561210135.png\"<\/p>\n

P0\u662f\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u529b, Pv\u4e0e\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u53d7\u7f29\u5c0f\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5173. Ps\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u56fa\u6db2\u6c14\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u957f\u77ed\uf04c\u3001\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u6210\u7ee9fs\u3001\u524d\u884c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u03b8a\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u03b3lv\u548c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e95\u89d2\u03c9\u76f8\u5173. \u8f83\u5927\u9020\u6210\u7684\u60ac\u67b6\u529b\u53ef\u8868\u660e\u4e3a[9]<\/p>\n

\"1561210126(1).png\"<\/p>\n

\u9ec4\u5efa\u4e1a\u7b49\u4eba[10]\u878d\u5408\u771f\u7a7a\u8bbe\u5907\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e86\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86Cassie-Wenzel\u6e7f\u6da6\u8854\u63a5\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e34\u754c\u538b\u529b. \u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e: \u5728\u6c92\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u83cf\u53f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u5fa1\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u7ea6\u4e3a8.5 kPa, \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e87 cm\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u9759\u6c34\u538b, \u4e5f\u5373\u5b54\u72b6\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7684\u6975\u9650\u6c34\u4f4d; \u800c\u5f53\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14\u5b58\u6709\u65f6, Cassie-Wenzel\u6e7f\u6da6\u53d8\u5316\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u8fdb\u884c, \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6db2\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7684\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0[11].<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 (\u7f51\u8def\u7248\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272)(a) \u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u4e0e\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u5173\u8054; (b) \u5bff\u547d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u83cf\u53f6\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b<\/p>\n

Figure 3 (Color online) (a) The relationship of lifetime of underwater superhydrophobicity to water depth; (b) the contact angle of lotus leaves afterlifetime test<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6c34\u4f4d\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5b54\u72b6\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u7684\u6975\u9650\u6c34\u4f4d\u65f6, \u5b54\u72b6\u529b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u60ac\u67b6\u529b\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u4e00\u540c\u4fdd\u6301\u6db2\u6c14\u4ecb\u9762\u7684\u5e73\u7a33. \u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u603b\u6d41\u91cfj\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u5bf9\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u6570kl\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529bPv\u76f8\u5173[12]:<\/p>\n

\"1561210143(1).png\"<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 (\u7f51\u8def\u7248\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272)\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u9875\u9762\u5904\u7a7a\u6c14\u53d7\u529b\u5206\u6790\u56fe<\/p>\n

Figure 4 (Color online) Mechanic analysis graph of air layer in superhydrophobicinterface<\/p>\n

\n

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\"5.png\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 (\u7f51\u8def\u7248\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272)\u6db2\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u5165\u4fb5\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

Figure 5 (Color online) Schematic diagram of the vapor-liquid interface intruding microstructure with time<\/p>\n

\n

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\u00a0\"1561210159(1).png\"<\/p>\n

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3 \u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

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\n

\u8bba\u6587\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

1 Wenzel R N. Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water. Ind Eng Chem, 1936, 28: 988\u2013994<\/p>\n

2 Cassie A B D, Baxter S. Wettability of porous surfaces. Trans Faraday Soc, 1944, 40: 546\u2013551<\/p>\n

3 Koch K, Barthlott W. Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic plant surfaces: An inspiration for biomimetic materials. Phil Trans R SocA, 2009, 367: 1487\u20131509<\/p>\n

4 Poetes R, Holtzmann K, Franze K, et al. Metastable underwater superhydrophobicity. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105: 166104.1<\/p>\n

5 Lee J H, Yong K J. Surface chemistry controlled superhydrophobic stability of W18O49 nanowire arrays submerged underwater. J MaterChem, 2012, 22: 20250\u201320256<\/p>\n

6 Pei M D, Wang B, Tang Y H, et al. Fabrication of superhydrophobic copper surface by direct current sputtering and its underwater stability.Thin Solid Films, 2013, 548: 313\u2013316<\/p>\n

7 Sheng X L, Zhang J H. Air layer on superhydrophobic surface underwater. Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Aspects, 2011, 377:374\u2013378<\/p>\n

8 Herminghaus S. Roughness-induced non-wetting. Europhys Lett, 2000, 52: 165\u2013170<\/p>\n

9 Extrand C W. Repellency of the lotus leaf: Resistance to water intrusion under hydrostatic pressure. Langmuir, 2011, 27: 6920\u20136925<\/p>\n

10 Huang J Y, Wang F H, Zhao X, et al. Wetting transition and stability testing of superhydrophobic state (in Chinese). Acta Phys Chim Sin,2013, 29: 2459\u20132464 [\u9ec4\u5efa\u4e1a, \u738b\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4f1a, \u8d75\u7fd4, \u7b49. \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6e7f\u6da6\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5. \u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5, 2013, 29: 2459\u20132464]<\/p>\n

11 Zhang K, Huang J Y, Wang F H. Wetting behavior of superhydrophobic materials under hydraulic pressure (in Chinese). Chin J MaterRes, 2014, 28: 281\u2013285 [\u5f20\u51ef, \u9ec4\u5efa\u4e1a, \u738b\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4f1a. \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5728\u6db2\u538b\u673a\u529f\u6548\u4e0b\u7684\u6e7f\u6da6\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a. \u6750\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u62a5, 2014, 28: 281\u2013285]<\/p>\n

12 Ji Z S, Zhu R K, Li D. Principle of Transmission (in Chinese). Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2002 [\u5409\u6cfd\u5347, \u6731\u8363\u51ef, \u9648\u8273. \u4f20\u9001\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406. \u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\u5e02: \u54c8\u5de5\u5927\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248, 2002]<\/p>\n

13 Enns T, Scholander P F, Bradstreet E D. Effect of pressure on gases dissolved in water. J Phys Chem, 1965, 69: 389\u2013391<\/p>\n

\u5927\u91cf\u7eb3\u7c73\u9632\u6c34\u65b0\u95fb\u8d44\u8baf\u8bf7\u5173\u5fc3\u201c\u6d3e\u65d7\u7eb3\u7c73\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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