{"id":23885,"date":"2021-12-28T09:50:53","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T01:50:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.paiqinano.com\/?p=23885"},"modified":"2021-12-27T09:40:38","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T01:40:38","slug":"%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%ef%bc%9a%e8%b6%85%e7%96%8f%e6%b0%b4%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e7%9a%84%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e8%bf%9b%e5%b1%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.paiqinano.com\/?p=23885","title":{"rendered":"\u524d\u6cbf\uff1a\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c<\/p>\n

\u5468\u660a<\/p>\n

\uff08\u897f\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u5316\u5b66\u5316\u5de5\u5b66\u9662 \u7518\u8083 730070\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6458 \u3000\u8981:\u3000\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027 ,\u5f88\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b ,\u5982\u5438\u5490\u3001\u6da6\u5316\u3001\u7c98\u5408\u3001\u5206\u6563\u5316\u548c\u78e8\u64e6\u7b49\u5747\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74 ,\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5728\u81ea\u51c0\u5316\u8868\u5c42\u3001\u5fae\u6db2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u76f8\u6eb6\u6027\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8fd0\u7528 ,\u76f8\u5173\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55:\u7b80\u6613\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20 ,\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5236\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f \u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5256\u6790 ,\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u5b57 \u3000\u8d85\u758f\u6c34 \u3000\u4eff\u83cf\u53f6 \u3000\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u6784\u9020 \u3000\u843d\u540e \u3000\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b \u3000\u7ffb\u8f6c\u89d2<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fe\u5206\u7c7b\u53f7: O647 \u3000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6587\u732e\u6807\u8bc6\u7801: A \u3000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u53f7:1005-281X(2014)00 – 0000 – 00<\/p>\n

Progress in Superhydrophobic Surfaces*<\/p>\n

Zhou Hao**<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff08Northwest Normal University Chemical Engineering ,Gansu Lanzhou 730070 \uff09<\/p>\n

Abstract \u3000Surface wetting behavior is of great importance in determining the application of various materials. Manyphysicochemical processes , such as adsorption , lubrication , adhesion , dispersion , friction and so forth are closely relatedwith the wettability of materials. In the last decade , surfaces with ultra hydrophobicity have aroused much researchinterests owing to their potential application in self2cleaning coatings , microfluidics and biocompatible materials and soon. The recent progress in the study of superhydrophobic surface is summarized in three parts. In the first part thecharacterization and influences of wettability are briefly introduced; in the second part new development ofsuperhydrophobic surfaces is summarized from both experimental and theoretical aspects; in the third part the prospect ofthe development in this field is proposed.<\/p>\n

Key words \u3000superhydrophobic ; lotus-leaf-like ; hierarchical structure ; hysteresis; contact angle ; sliding angle<\/p>\n

\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n

\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u4e0e\u5f88\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u5982\u5438\u5490\u3001\u6da6\u5316\u3001\u9ecf\u5408\u3001\u5206\u6563\u5316\u548c\u78e8\u64e6\u7b49\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u91c7\u6cb9\u5382\u3001\u9009\u77ff\u5382\u3001\u6da6\u5316\u3001\u522e\u6d82\u3001\u9632\u6f6e\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u533b\u7528\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u5f88\u591a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d,\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u800c ,\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5177\u5907\u72ec\u7279\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5bf9\u52a0\u91cd\u8868\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u62d3\u5c55\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u53ca\u63d0\u5347\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8fd0\u7528\u7279\u6027\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u03b8\u8868\u73b0\u6db2\u6001\u5bf9\u56fa\u6001\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5728\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u754c\u9762\u4e0a(\u6784\u9020\u3001\u6784\u6210\u5747\u4e00),\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5177\u5907\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u5e76\u7531\u754c\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u51b3\u7b56,\u8fbe\u5230 Young\u2019s \u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 cos\u03b8 = (\u03b3sg<\/sub> – \u03b3sl<\/sub>)\u03a0\u03b3lg <\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(1)<\/p>\n

\u03b3sg\u3001\u03b3sl\u3001\u03b3lg\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u56fa\u6c14\u3001\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u3001\u6db2\u6c14\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e0d\u5e73 ,\u6216\u662f\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u4e00,\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u4f53\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e0eYoung\u2019s \u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9884\u4f30\u503c\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b,\u5e76\u4e14\u771f\u6b63\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u5411\u67d0\u4e00\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u5df2\u8fbe\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6c34\u73e0\u6839\u636e\u653e\u6c34\u6216\u6c34\u6cf5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f7f\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u6269\u5927\u6216\u51cf\u5c11,\u754c\u5b9a\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u9010\u6e10\u79fb\u4f4d\u65f6\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a\u524d\u884c\u89d2(\u03b8a<\/sub>) ,\u800c\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u6536\u62e2\u65f6\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a\u5012\u9000\u89d2(\u03b8r<\/sub>) ,\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u8bef\u5dee(\u03b8a<\/sub> -\u03b8r<\/sub>)\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u3002\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5219\u5904\u5728\u524d\u884c\u89d2\u548c\u5012\u9000\u89d22\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u8303\u7574\u4e2d\u95f4[ 1 , 2]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6c34\u73e0\u5728\u6b6a\u659c\u7684\u5916\u8868\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u503e\u89d2\u7684\u6269\u5927 ,\u5728\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b ,\u6c34\u73e0\u524d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u800c\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4ec5\u6709\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u5230\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u65f6\u6c34\u73e0\u624d\u4f1a\u5f80\u4e0b\u6eda\u52a8 ,\u754c\u5b9a\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u503e\u89d2\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8f6c\u89d2(sliding angle , SA) \u03b1\u3002\u82e5\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u843d\u540e\u8f83\u5c0f ,\u6c34\u73e0\u5728\u504f\u659c\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u6301\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u7403\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5916\u8c8c ,\u90a3\u9ebc\u03b1\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u7684\u5173\u8054\u53ef\u8868\u660e\u4e3a[3]<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

\u03c0l\u03b3(cos\u03b8r<\/sub> – cos\u03b8a<\/sub>) = \u03c1gV sin\u03b1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2)<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5176\u4e2d l \u662f\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u6cbf\u632a\u52a8\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u76f4\u5f91 ,V \u662f\u6c34\u73e0\u7684\u5bb9\u79ef , \u03b3\u662f\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4ece\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97(2)\u5f97\u77e5 ,\u843d\u540e\u8d8a\u5c0f ,\u6c34\u73e0\u5c31\u8d8a\u6613\u7ffb\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1 \u3000\u5371\u5bb3\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u8981\u7d20<\/p>\n

Wenzel[4 , 5]<\/sup>\u548c Cassie \u7b49[6 , 7]<\/sup>\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa 40 \u65f6\u4ee3\u5404\u81ea\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u975e\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3 ,\u5bf9 Young\u2019s \u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

Wenzel[5 , 6]<\/sup>\u53d1\u89c9\u5916\u8868\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u6784\u9020\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027 ,\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u5177\u4f53\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u8d85\u8fc7\u8868\u89c2\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 1(a) \u6240\u663e\u793a ,\u5047\u5b9a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a(\u6784\u6210\u5747\u4e00 ,\u5916\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6c34\u73e0\u7684\u89c4\u683c) ,\u6c34\u73e0\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u632a\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd dx ,\u90a3\u9ebc\u5168\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8 dE \u53ef\u8868\u660e\u4e3a :<\/p>\n

d E = r(\u03b3sl<\/sub> – \u03b3sg<\/sub>)dx \u03b3gl<\/sub>dxcos\u03b8\u00a0 (3)<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5176\u4e2d r \u4e3a\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u56e0\u7d20 ,\u5176\u6570\u503c\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u5c55\u5f00\u9762\u79ef\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u8868\u9762\u5e94\u6700\u5c11,\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97 Wenzel \u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u00a0cos\u03b8\u2032= r (\u03b3sg<\/sub> – \u03b3sl<\/sub>)\u03a0\u03b3gl<\/sub> = r cos\u03b8<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0r \u22651 \u3000(4)<\/p>\n

\"1533033634(1).jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe 1 \u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42 (a) \u548c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u8868\u5c42 (b) \u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u03b8\u2032<\/p>\n

\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f(4)\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u03b8\u2032\u4e0eYoung\u2019s\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u03b8\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u7684\u5173\u8054 :\u82e5\u03b8<90\u00b0,\u5219\u03b8\u2032 90\u00b0,\u5219\u03b8\u2032>\u03b8,\u5373\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u968f\u8868\u5c42\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002Cassie \u7b49[7]<\/sup>\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3 ,\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 1(b) \u6240\u663e\u793a ,\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6784\u6210\u975e\u5747\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u52a0\u548c ,\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b(\u03b8\u2032)\u4e0e\u5404\u6210\u5206\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b(\u03b8i<\/sub>)\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a:<\/p>\n

cos\u03b8\u2032= \u03b11<\/sub>cos\u03b81<\/sub> \u03b12<\/sub>cos\u03b82<\/sub>\u00a0 (5)<\/p>\n

\u03b1i<\/sub>\u662f\u7ec4\u6210\u8868\u5c42\u5404\u6210\u5206\u7684\u51c0\u91cd\u6210\u7ee9 ,\u03b11<\/sub> \u03b12 <\/sub>=1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2 \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7528<\/p>\n

2.1 \u3000\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u8fd0\u7528<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5371\u5bb3\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u5f97\u77e5 ,\u63d0\u5347\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u8868\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u6829\u6829\u5982\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7eff\u8272\u690d\u7269\u53f6\u7247\u3001\u79bd\u7c7b\u7fce\u6bdb\u90fd\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u3001\u7eff\u8272\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5916\u8868\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4ee3\u8c22\u6709\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u690d\u7269\u6cb9\u8102\u6216\u8721 ,\u5e76\u4e14\u8868\u5c42\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1 ,\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u53ef\u8fbe 150\u00b0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4ee5\u83cf\u53f6\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50 ,\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u76f8\u7247\u8868\u660e\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u03bcm\u7ea7\u7684\u5c0f\u4e73\u7a81 ,\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e73\u7a81\u53ca\u4e73\u7a81\u4e2d\u95f4\u53c8\u88ab\u8bf8\u591a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7684\u8721\u6676\u6240\u906e\u76d6\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u4e8c\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u4f46\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef ,\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8868\u5c42\u4e0e\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u5c11 ,\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u8f83\u5dee;\u51fa\u6db2\u7ffb\u8f6c\u65f6 ,\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u8d28\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5e26\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u7279\u70b9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5174\u8da3\u7231\u597d ,\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6548\u7528\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5177\u5907\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u6bd4\u5982 ,Khorasani \u7b49[9]<\/sup>\u7528\u8840\u7ec6\u80de\u7c98\u9644\u8bd5\u9a8c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8109\u51b2\u5149\u89e3\u51b3\u540e\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u7845\u6750\u6599\u5f39\u6027\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u76f8\u6eb6\u6027,\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u5d4c\u5165\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5916\u8868\u9540\u5c42;Barrat \u7b49[10]<\/sup>\u53d1\u89c9\u5728\u5fae\u6db2\u4f53\u7ba1\u8def\u5185\u8154\u6d82\u8986\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5fae\u6db2\u4f53\u6839\u636e\u5165\u53e3\u65f6\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u963b\u529b;Nun \u7b49[11]<\/sup>\u5236\u53d6\u51fa\u9002\u7528\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u54c1\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5177\u5907\u6291\u83cc\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u6548\u7528\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u3002\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u9540\u5c42\u7528\u4ee5\u536b\u661f\u63a5\u6536\u65e0\u7ebf\u5929\u7ebf\u8fd8\u53ef\u9632\u6b62\u964d\u96ea\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u54c1\u8d28\u4e0b\u964d\u6216\u7ec8\u65ad[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u51fa\u8272\u7279\u6027\u548c\u5173\u952e\u8fd0\u7528 ,\u76f8\u5173\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u906d\u53d7\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u8868\u5c42\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb,\u4e3a\u5236\u53d6\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u7ed9\u4e88\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2.2\u3000\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5236\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

2.2.1\u79bb\u5b50\u6ce8\u5165\u6280\u672f\u6027<\/p>\n

McCarthy\u7b49[12]<\/sup>\u8fd0\u7528\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u6c47\u805a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f ,\u5728\u5bf9\u82ef\u4e8c\u7532\u9178\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187\u916f\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u5236\u53d6\u4e03\u6c1f\u4e19\u70ef\u9178\u6811\u8102\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c,\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5916\u8868\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a 173\u00b0\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2.2\u5316\u5b66\u6c14\u76f8\u6c89\u79ef<\/p>\n

Lau \u7b49\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u5217\u9635\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u5185\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u6c14\u76f8\u6c89\u79ef\u6cd5\u5806\u79ef\u4e00\u5c42\u5171\u5f62\u7684\u805a\u56db\u6c1f\u4e59\u70ef\u819c,\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027,\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7535\u955c(ESEM)\u89c2\u67e5\u5230\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6beb\u7c73\u7ea7\u7684\u6c34\u96fe\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7403\u5f62\u6ede\u7559\u8868\u9762\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2.3\u3000\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u62c9\u7533<\/p>\n

Genzer \u7b49[13]<\/sup>\u5728\u5904\u5728\u62c9\u7533\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7845\u80f6\u8868\u9762\u5149\u5f15\u8d77\u70ed\u805a\u5408\u4e00\u5c42\u534a\u6c1f\u7532\u57fa\u4e09\u6c2f\u7845\u70f7,\u53d8\u5f62\u4fee\u590d\u540e\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u6c1f\u4e59\u70f7\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bc6\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347,\u8868\u5c42\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4ec5\u4e3a131\u00b0,\u4f46\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u957f\u4e45\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6ce1\u6d78 7 \u5929\u4e4b\u540e,\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e 5 \u201410\u00b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2.3 \u3000\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55<\/p>\n

2.3.1\u3000\u8d85\u53cc\u758f\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5236\u53d6<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u754c\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6c34\u6bd4\u4f4e ,\u56e0\u6b64\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8868\u5c42\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u758f\u6cb9 ,\u800c\u758f\u6cb9\u8868\u5c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u70ed\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u5256\u6790,\u5236\u53d6\u8d85\u758f\u6cb9\u8868\u5c42\u66f4\u52a0\u8270\u96be\u3002Tsujii\u7b49[14]<\/sup>\u7528\u9633\u6781\u6c27\u5316\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u8868\u5c42\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u7684\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u4e8c\u94dd\u677f\u6750,\u968f\u540e\u7528\u6c1f\u5316\u6c22\u5355\u7532\u57fa\u78f7\u9178\u916f\u5f00\u5c55\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u89e3\u51b3,\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5916\u8868\u4e0e\u98df\u7528\u6cb9\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8fbe 150\u00b0,\u6db2\u6ef4\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u7ffb\u8f6c\u800c\u65e0\u7c98\u9644;\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u53ef\u8fbe170\u00b0\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e,\u8981\u5236\u53d6\u8d85\u758f\u6cb9\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u5bc6\u5207\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u4e09\u6c1f\u7f9f\u57fa\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u3002\u6c5f\u96f7\u7b49\u7528\u6c1f\u6c2f\u7845\u70f7\u89e3\u51b3\u5217\u9635\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u819c,\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u819c\u8868\u5c42\u4e0e\u6cb9\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a171 \u00b10.5\u00b0\u548c 161 \u00b11\u00b0\u3002\u5f90\u575a\u7b49\u5236\u53d6\u7684\u4eff\u83cf\u53f6\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42,\u5bf9\u6cb9\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230140\u00b0\u3002McCarthy\u7b49\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u754c\u5b9a\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u758f\u6cb9\u6eb6\u6027\u65f6,\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u4ee5\u6c2f\u7845\u70f7\u5bf9\u5939\u5c42\u73bb\u7483\u5916\u8868\u5f00\u5c55\u6c2f\u7845\u70f7\u5316\u53cd\u6620\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u867d\u7136\u4e0e\u6c34\u3001\u7898\u7532\u70f7\u3001\u5341\u516d\u70f7\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8f83\u5c0f ,\u53ef\u662f\u6c34\u548c\u6cb9\u8868\u9762\u5c42\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u7ffb\u8f6c\u800c\u65e0\u7c98\u9644\u3002Yabu \u7b49[15]<\/sup>\u7528\u4f4e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u542b\u6c1f\u91cf\u9ad8\u805a\u7269\u505a\u4e3a\u6d82\u819c\u6210\u5206,\u8fd0\u7528\u201cbreath figure\u201d\u6548\u7528\u83b7\u5f97\u9488\u57ab\u72b6\u7684\u8868\u5c42 ,\u82ef\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684 CA \u53ef\u8fbe135\u00b0,\u800c\u6c34\u7684 CA \u4e3a170\u00b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2.3.2\u3000\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5<\/p>\n

\u6c5f\u96f7\u7b49[16]<\/sup>\u5c06\u5e73\u677f\u7535\u8111\u9020\u7eb8\u672f\u548c\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\u6ce8\u5165\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408 ,\u5236\u53d6\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u72ec\u7279\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u5916\u8c8c\u7684\u7845\u5e95\u6750 ,\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u6c14\u76f8\u6c89\u79ef\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5e95\u6750\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u5806\u79ef\u5177\u5907\u4e09\u7ef4\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5217\u9635\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u3002\u7ad6\u5411\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u5217\u9635\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u5949\u732e ,\u800c\u6a2a\u7740\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u5217\u9635\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5438\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u5949\u732e ,\u5e76\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u6c34\u73e0\u7684\u6eb6\u5408\u3002\u4e0d\u66f4\u6539\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u6784\u6210\u800c\u4ec5\u66f4\u6539\u6784\u9020\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570 ,\u5373\u6a2a\u7740\u548c\u7ad6\u5411\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u7ba1\u5217\u9635\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5 ,\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u80fd\u4ece\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u3002Chen \u7b49[17]<\/sup>\u5728\u5e95\u6750\u4e0a\u5bc6\u5207\u6c89\u79ef\u4e00\u5c42\u5355\u5206\u6563\u5316\u7684\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u5706\u7403 ,\u968f\u540e\u6839\u636e\u6c27\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\u6ce8\u5165\u6280\u672f\u6027\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u5706\u7403\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u800c\u4e0d\u66f4\u6539\u5706\u7403\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd ,\u8fdb\u800c\u505a\u5230\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u5730\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u5f0f ,\u5c06\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e3a 440nm\u7684\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u5706\u7403\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u79bb\u5b50\u6ce8\u5165\u6210\u5916\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u683c\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a 400nm\u3001360nm\u3001330nm \u548c 190nm \u7684\u8868\u5c42 ,\u7528\u5341\u516b\u7532\u57fa\u78b3\u9187\u5f00\u5c55\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u540e ,\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a 135\u00b0\u3001144\u00b0\u3001152\u00b0\u548c168\u00b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2.3.3\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u53d8\u6362<\/p>\n

Minko \u7b49[18]<\/sup>\u62a5\u5bfc\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u53d6\u5177\u5907\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u9ad8\u805a\u7269\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\u6784\u9020\u662f\u7ecf\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u79bb\u5b50\u6ce8\u5165\u805a\u56db\u6c1f\u4e59\u70ef\u540e\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u03bcm\u7ea7\u9488\u72b6\u6784\u9020 ,\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7531\u70ed\u805a\u5408\u5230\u9488\u72b6\u6784\u9020\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u4e01\u4e8c\u70ef\u4e94\u6c1f\u4e01\u4e8c\u70ef\u805a\u5408\u7269\u548c\u9ad8\u538b\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u57fa\u5421\u5576\u6df7\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5237\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5fae\u533a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5237\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u529f\u6548 ,\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u5730\u7ba1\u63a7\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u3002\u8868\u5c42\u4e0e\u4e8c\u7532\u82ef\u89e6\u78b0\u540e\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a 160\u00b0,\u6c34\u96fe\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u7ffb\u8f6c ,\u800c\u5f53\u8868\u5c42\u6e17\u5165pH= 3 \u7684\u6c99\u6d74\u4e2d\u6570\u5206\u949f\u540e ,\u6c34\u96fe\u8868\u9762\u5c42\u6eb6\u5408\u3002\u6c5f\u96f7\u7b49[19]<\/sup>\u7528\u8868\u5c42\u5f15\u8d77\u5206\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u6c27\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u6c47\u805a\u65b9\u5f0f ,\u5728\u5e95\u6750\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u6e29\u654f\u578b\u805a\u5f02\u4e19\u57fa\u6b63\u4e01\u9178\u7684\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c ,\u6839\u636e\u64cd\u7eb5\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5728\u7a84\u5c0f\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185(10 \u2103)\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8d85\u4f4e\u6e29\u65f6 ,\u9ad8\u805a\u7269\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u7fb0\u57fa\u548c\u80fa\u57fa\u88ab\u6c34\u5206\u8d28\u5b50\u5316 ,\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u6c22\u952e\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u529b;\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u73af\u5883\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0a\u5347 ,\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u6548 ,\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u94fe\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u65b9\u6cd5 ,\u62b5\u89e6\u6c34\u5206\u3002\u5979\u4eec[19]<\/sup>\u6839\u636e\u6c34\u70ed\u6cd5\u5236\u53d6\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u950c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u68d2\u5217\u9635\u8868\u5c42\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a150\u00b0,\u5728\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u76f4\u5c04\u4e0b ,\u8868\u5c42\u4f1a\u7531\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5411\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u53d8\u5316 ,\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u53ef\u8fbe 0\u00b0,\u51fa\u6db2\u5feb\u901f\u6eb6\u5408\u5e76\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u5230\u5217\u9635\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8868\u5c42\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u5728\u9634\u6697\u5904\u7f6e\u653e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e ,\u53c8\u53ef\u590d\u539f\u5230\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9633\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u4e0e\u5728\u9634\u6697\u5904\u7f6e\u653e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u66f4\u66ff ,\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5728\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u4e0e\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u94a8\u8868\u5c42\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5177\u5907\u201c\u5149\u5f00\u5173\u201d\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u3001\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u53d8\u6362\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u5979\u4eec\u8fd8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5177\u5907 pH\u548c\u6eab\u5ea6\u53cc\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u53d8\u6362[20]<\/sup>\u3002Yan \u7b49\u5219\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u805a\u5408\u72692\u805a\u5421\u54af\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u9759\u7535\u573a\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u53d8\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2.3.4\u3000\u4eff\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u5236\u53d6<\/p>\n

\u7eff\u8272\u690d\u7269\u53f6\u7247\u8721\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5f88\u7e41\u6742 ,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u957f\u94fe\u4e59\u70f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5149\u6d01\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a CA\uff5e90\u00b0\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u4e8c\u7ea7\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u6784\u9020 ,\u9020\u6210\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6027[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u6027\u4fc3\u4f7f\u83cf\u53f6\u53ef\u514d\u4e8e\u88ab\u6c61\u6ce5\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u83cc\u79cd\u8150\u8680\u3002\u53d7\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u542f\u8fea ,\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u5458\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u8868\u5c42\u5b8f\u89c2\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u6027\u662f\u7531\u8868\u9762\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u5b8f\u89c2\u6784\u9020\u4e24\u5c42\u9762\u8981\u7d20\u51b3\u7b56\u7684 ,\u4ec5\u6839\u636e\u51cf\u5c11\u8868\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u8868\u5c42\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u662f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u7684[2]<\/sup>,\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u8868\u5c42\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u7406\u3002\u51af\u7433\u7b49\u7528\u7535\u91cf\u7eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f ,\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u76f8\u8fd1\u83cf\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u51f8\u8d77\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u805a\u82ef\u80fa\u548c\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u8d28\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u3002\u8be5\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u8868\u5c42\u4e0d\u4f46\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6027(CA\u8fbe 166\u00b0,SA \u4f4e\u4e8e 5\u00b0) ,\u56e0\u4e3a\u805a\u82ef\u80fa\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8868\u5c42\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u5bfc\u7535\u7387\u3002Ming \u7b49\u8fd0\u7528\u76f4\u5f91\u4e3a 700 nm\u7684\u5355\u5206\u6563\u5316\u7403\u5f62\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u6750\u6599\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u73af\u6c27\u6811\u8102\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4e0e\u76f4\u5f91\u4e3a 70 nm\u7684\u5355\u5206\u6563\u5316\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u6750\u6599\u5706\u7403\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u53cd\u6620 ,\u5c06\u5706\u7403\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u70ed\u805a\u5408\u5230\u5927\u7403\u8868\u5c42 ,\u83b7\u5f97\u5177\u5907\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6784\u9020\u7684\u8349\u8393\u82d7\u72b6\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u6750\u6599\u9897\u7c92\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u9897\u7c92\u6839\u636e\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u63a5\u5728\u73af\u6c27\u6811\u8102\u80f6\u8868\u5c42 ,\u7ecf PDMS \u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u540e ,\u8868\u5c42\u7684 CA \u8fbe165\u00b0,\u843d\u540e\u7ea6 2\u00b0,10\u03bcl \u6c34\u73e0\u7684\u7ffb\u8f6c\u89d2\u4e3a 3\u00b0\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u76f8\u8fd1\u83cf\u53f6\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u6784\u9020\u9488\u5bf9\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6d41\u7a0b ,\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u7403\u4e0e\u9ad8\u805a\u7269\u590d\u5408\u578b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42\u7684 CA \u4e3a 151\u00b0,\u53ef\u662f\u843d\u540e\u8fbe\u523057\u00b0;\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5355\u4e00\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42\u4e0a\u51fa\u6db2\u5904\u5728 Wenzel \u60c5\u51b5 ,\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927 ,\u800c\u76f8\u8fd1\u83cf\u53f6\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u6784\u9020\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5916\u8868\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347 ,\u975e\u5747\u76f8\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u6709\u6c14\u4f53 ,\u8868\u5c42\u5904\u5728 Cassie \u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u9648\u5e86\u6c11\u7b49\u7528\u55b7\u6c99\u6253\u78e8\u629b\u5149\u94dd\u5757 ,\u83b7\u5f97\u03bcm\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u6784\u9020 ,\u968f\u540e\u5f15\u8fdb\u7eb3\u7c73\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u88c5\u9970\u8868\u5c42 ,\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4eff\u83cf\u53f6\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u6784\u9020\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u7ecf\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u540eCA \u8fbe173\u00b0,SA \u7ea6 2\u20143\u00b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u62a5\u5bfc\u7684\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42\u5236\u53d6\u4e2d ,\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4f4e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u542b\u6c1f\u91cf\u3001\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7845\u6c27\u70f7\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u8868\u5c42\u5f00\u5c55\u88c5\u9970 ,\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5916\u8868\u7684\u8868\u9762\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u83cf\u53f6\u3001\u828b\u53f6\u7b49\u7eff\u8272\u690d\u7269\u53f6\u7247\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u690d\u7269\u8721\u6240\u906e\u76d6\u3002\u5f90\u575a\u7b49[22]<\/sup>\u8fd0\u7528\u805a\u4e19\u7a002b2\u805a\u7532\u57fa\u4e19\u70ef\u9178\u7532\u916f\u4e24\u5d4c\u6bb5\u805a\u5408\u7269\u505a\u4e3a\u6d82\u819c\u6210\u5206 ,\u8fd0\u7528\u4e24\u5d4c\u6bb5\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5728\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u80f6\u675f\u9971\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2 ,\u5355\u4e00\u80f6\u675f\u7c92\u5ea6\u5728 50 \u2014200nm \u4e2d\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u84b8\u53d1\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d ,\u80f6\u675f\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u96c6\u805a\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u9762 ,\u4ea7\u751f\u89c4\u683c\u5728 1 \u20142\u03bcm \u7684\u7403\u578b\u80f6\u675f\u56e2\u5706\u4f53 ,\u4e2a\u56e2\u5706\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u4e3a\u8bf8\u591a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u80f6\u675f\u6240\u906e\u76d6 ,\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u805a\u7269\u9540\u5c42\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u53cc\u5411\u6784\u9020\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u4f4e\u8868\u9762\u88c5\u9970 ,\u8be5\u8868\u5c42\u5c31\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5237\u51fa\u758f\u6c34\u6027 ,\u6c34\u73e0(5\u03bcl)\u7684 CA \u4e3a 160.5 \u00b12.1\u00b0, SA \u4e3a 9 \u00b12.1\u00b0\u3002\u5728\u4eff\u751f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u542f\u8fea\u4e0b ,\u5f90\u575a\u7b49[23]<\/sup>\u8fd8\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5851\u80f6\u805a\u78b3\u9178\u4e3a\u539f\u6750\u6599 ,\u6839\u636e\u975e\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u8bf1\u53d1\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u76f8\u8fd1\u83cf\u53f6\u7684\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u4e8c\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u8868\u5c42,\u8be5\u8868\u5c42\u5177\u5907\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u8fd8\u8fd0\u7528 PC \u7684\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u8bf1\u53d1\u7ed3\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u70b9 ,\u5728\u67d4\u548c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6839\u636e\u5411\u7532\u82ef\u6eb6\u80c0\u7684PC\u8868\u5c42\u5f15\u8fdb\u6c89\u6dc0\u5242\u6765\u64cd\u7eb5\u7ed3\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8 ,\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0e\u83b2\u53f6\u8868\u5c42\u5916\u8c8c\u5341\u5206\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9ad8\u805a\u7269\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8868\u5c42 ,\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8d85\u8fc7 150\u00b0,\u7ffb\u8f6c\u89d2\u4f4e\u4e8e 10\u00b0\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b80\u6613\u4fbf\u6377 ,\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ea\u9700\u6570\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5 ,\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5236\u53d6 ,\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

3 \u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b<\/p>\n

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\u53c2 \u8003 \u6587 \u732e<\/p>\n

[ 1 ]Johnson R E, Dettre R H. Contact Angle , Wettability and Adhesion. Washington D C: American Chemical Society , 1964.112 \u2014144<\/p>\n

[ 2 ]De Gennes P G. Rev. Mod. Phys. , 1985 , 57: 827 \u2014863<\/p>\n

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