{"id":23414,"date":"2021-12-29T12:00:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-29T04:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.paiqinano.com\/?p=23414"},"modified":"2021-12-27T15:08:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T07:08:00","slug":"%e8%b6%85%e7%96%8f%e6%b0%b4%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f%e5%8f%8a%e6%bc%94%e5%8c%96%e8%a7%84%e5%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.paiqinano.com\/?p=23414","title":{"rendered":"\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6750\u6599\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u53ca\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06a75c29.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">LV P Y, XUE Y H, DUAN H L. Stability and evolution of liquid-gas interfaces on superhydrophobic surfaces[J].\u00a0<em>Advances in Mechanics<\/em>, 2016, 46: 201604.<img decoding=\"async\" id=\"d_clip_button_EN\" title=\"\u590d\u5236\u5230\u526a\u5207\u677f\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06a9345d.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u53ca\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5415\u9e4f\u5b87<sup>1<\/sup>,\u00a0\u859b\u4e9a\u8f89<sup>1<\/sup>,\u00a0\u6bb5\u6167\u73b2<sup>1, 2, 3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u62e9\u8981: \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u5728\u8010\u6c61\u3001\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51cf\u963b\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u8fd0\u7528,\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u662f\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20.\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u5173\u952e\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762.\u5728\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b,\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5931\u8861\u8ff9\u8c61,\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u5c55\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf.\u672c\u6587\u6700\u5148\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e86\u4e09\u7c7b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u9898\u578b.\u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u73af\u8282,\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1,\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027.\u968f\u540e,\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb,\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u7c7b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20,\u5177\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6709\u5173\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u5ea6,\u6c47\u603b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4f53\u5236.\u6700\u7ec8,\u5c55\u671b\u4e86\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5173\u952e\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u9898\u578b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5173\u952e\u5b57:\u00a0\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Stability and evolution of liquid-gas interfaces on superhydrophobic surfaces<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">LV Pengyu,\u00a0XUE Yahui,\u00a0DUAN Huiling<sup><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Correspondent author\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06aa2803.gif\" \/><\/sup>\u00a0<sup><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"E-mail: hlduan@pku.edu.cn\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06ab168b.gif\" \/><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Abstract: Microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces have broad applications such as anti-fouling and drag reduction.The performance of such surfaces strongly depends on the stability of liquid-gas interfaces, which affects physical processes including wetting transition, restoration and bubble evolution.Various physical factors including pressurization and gas diffusion may destabilize the liquid-air interfaces, and lead to evolution in different manners.In this paper, we first summarize the three types of interfacial stability problems for liquid-gas interfaces.Relying on external stimulations, the liquid-air interface may evolve into different stages and exhibit different morphologies.The recent progress of research on the stability and control of liquid-air interfaces in both droplet systems and submersion circumstances has been reviewed.Based on this review, remaining challenges for future research have been given.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Key words:\u00a0superhydrophobic surfaces\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0liquid-gas interfaces\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0stability\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0wetting transition\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0drag reduction<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">1 \u5f01\u8a00<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5f53\u4eca\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u683c\u5916\u662f\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u7ebf\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u62c9\u8fdb\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7aa5\u89c6\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7ec6\u5fae\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6. \u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u878d\u5165\u751f\u5b58\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5149\u6d01\u7684\u5916\u578b\u6f14\u53d8\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7279\u70b9\u89c4\u683c\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020(\u5434\u627f\u4f1f\u7b492010\uff0cEadie &amp; Ghosh\uff0c2011\uff0cKoch &amp; Barthlott\uff0c2009\uff0cKoch et al. 2009a\uff0cYan et al. 2011)\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u813e\u6c14. \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u83cf\u53f6\\&#8221;\u51fa\u6c61\u6ce5\u800c\u4e0d\u67d3\\&#8221; \u7684\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u6c34\u9efe\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u51fa\\&#8221;\u8f7b\u529f\u6c34\u4e0a\u6f02\\&#8221; \u6240\u501f\u52a9\u7684\u811a\u90e8\u5916\u578b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c34\u73e0\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u9ecf\u9644\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u5916\u578b\u7b49. \u906d\u53d7\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u754c\u7684\u542f\u8fea\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5f00\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u79cd\u7c7b\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599(Feng et al. 2008\uff0cFeng et al. 2004\uff0cHong &amp; Pan\uff0c2011\uff0cLee &amp; McCarthy\uff0c2007\uff0cLiu X J et al. 2011\uff0cQian &amp; Shen\uff0c2005\uff0cSun et al. 2010)\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u7535\u529b\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u9898\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u7684\u6784\u601d. \u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6bd4\u5916\u578b\u79ef\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u7a81\u663e\u51fa\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8868\u9875\u9762\u6548\u7528\u3001\u89c4\u683c\u6548\u7528\u7b49\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u813e\u6c14\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u578b\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5438\u5490\u3001\u4fb5\u6da6\u3001\u9ecf\u9644\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8\u7b49\u5c42\u9762\u663e\u51fa\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u5907\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762(\u56fe 1)\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u548c\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u578b\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u8010\u6c61\u8010\u8150\u8680\u53ca\u5176\u5fae\u6db2\u4f53\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u7b49\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u9020\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u884c\u4e1a\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8fd0\u7528(Barthlott &amp; Neinhuis\uff0c1997\uff0cKota et al. 2012a\uff0cRen et al. 2009\uff0cScardino et al. 2003\uff0cZhang Q X et al. 2013). \u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u7535\u529b\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u906d\u9047\u76842\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u9898\u578b. \u5f53\u4eca\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u9664\u5f00\u5fc5\u9700\u5e94\u5bf9\u600e\u6837\u53d1\u5c55\u7535\u529b\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u9a76\u7387\u7684\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6025\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u600e\u6837\u51cf\u5c11\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u6469\u64e6\u963b\u529b\u3001\u566a\u58f0\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8017\u80fd\u9898\u578b. \u5c06\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f15\u8fdb\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79fb\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u963b\u51cf\u566a\u7ed9\u4e88\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5(Choi et al. 2006\uff0cZhou et al. 2011).<\/p>\n<table id=\"F1\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06abffac.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 1\u00a0\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u5176\u5916\u5f62\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c55\u73b0\u7403\u578b.(a)\uff0c(b)\u83cf\u53f6\u5916\u578b(Zhang J H et al. 2008). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5ba4\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(c)\uff0c(d)\u6c34\u9efe\u817f\u5916\u578b(Gao &amp; Jiang\uff0c2004). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(e)\uff0c(f)\u69d0\u53f6\u82f9\u5916\u578b(Koch et al. 2009c). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u79fb\u52a8\u813e\u6c14\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d; \u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u8be5\u5360\u6bd4\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u6709\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001. \u906d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u51fb\u8d25\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\u7684\u9650\u5236\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9020\u6210\u571f\u5c42\u7684\u6d88\u9000\u53ca\u5176\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8870\u843d(Dupuis &amp; Yeomans\uff0c2005\uff0cKusumaatmaja et al. 2008\uff0cMarmur 2003\uff0cMarmur 2004). \u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u9488\u5bf9\u7ba1\u63a7\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u70b9\u5c24\u5176\u5f88\u662f\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u62d3\u5bbd\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u5bfc.\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u4e0e\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173. \u4fb5\u6da6\u7279\u6027\u662f\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u7279\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u73b0\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4eb2\u758f\u6709\u522b\u6c34\u813e\u6c14\uff0c\u7531\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u540c\u51b3\u7b56(Jiang et al. 2000). \u8868\u73b0\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u4fb5\u6da6\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u91cf\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b:\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6c34\u4fb5\u6da6\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u8d8a\u5dee\uff0c\u5916\u578b\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d; \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5916\u578b\u5438\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d(\u00a0de Gennes 1985). 1805 \u5e74\uff0cYoung(1805)\u548cLaplace(1805)\u6709\u5173\u5916\u578b\u652f\u6491\u529b\u548c\u5b54\u72b6\u8ff9\u8c61\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u4fb5\u6da6\u8ff9\u8c61\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u79d1\u7814. Young\u521d\u6b21\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u89e6\u78b0\u89d2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u9648\u6c0f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06add006.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u03b3SV\uff0c\u03b3SL\uff0c\u03b3LV \u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u6c14-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u3001\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u548c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c<em>\u03b8<sub>e<\/sub><\/em>\u8868\u9732\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u8be5\u5149\u6d01\u5916\u578b\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b(\u56fe 2(a)). \u4ece\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u78e8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u52a0\u5de5\u5916\u578b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u5149\u6ed1\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u5168\u662f\u5149\u6ed1\u7684. \u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u548c\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u6709\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u5dee\u522b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<table id=\"F2\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06af1464.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 2\u00a0\u4fb5\u6da6\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b: (a)\u5149\u6d01\u5e73\u5916\u578b\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b. (b)\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u5916\u578b\u7684Wenzel\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b. (c)\u56fa\u6c14\u590d\u5408\u578b\u5916\u578b\u7684Cassie-Baxter\u6a21\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">1936 \u5e74\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9648\u6c0f\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u5907\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\uff0cWenzel(1936)\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b<sub>\u03b8<sub>W<\/sub><\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06b13fc2.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<em>r<\/em>\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u6db2\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4fb5\u6da6\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u8868\u89c2\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\u9762\u79ef\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u503c\u8d85\u8fc71. \u4eceWenzel\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4eb2\u758f\u6709\u522b\u6c34\u7279\u6027. \u5018\u82e5\u539f\u6750\u6599\u81ea\u8eab\u5177\u5907\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5b50(<em>\u03b8<sub>e<\/sub><\/em>&gt;90\u00b1)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8d85\u8fc7\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u52a0\u5f3a; \u5018\u82e5\u539f\u6750\u6599\u81ea\u8eab\u5177\u5907\u5438\u6c34\u6027\u5b50(<em>\u03b8<sub>e<\/sub><\/em>\uff1c90\u00b1)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4f4e\u4e8e\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5438\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u52a0\u5f3a. Wenzel\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u89c9\u5f97\u6db2\u6001\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e17\u5165\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u548c\u56fa\u6001\u5145\u8db3\u89e6\u78b0\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 2(b)\u6240\u663e\u793a. \u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5c06\u6db2\u6001\u5f7b\u5e95\u4fb5\u6da6\u56fa\u6001\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aWenzel\u60c5\u51b5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">1944 \u5e74\uff0cCassie\u548cBaxter(1944)\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u578b\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5230\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd0\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7559\u6c7d\u4f53\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5371\u5bb3. \u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u65f6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cCassie-Baxter\u6a21\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06b2897a.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<em>f<sub>i<\/sub><\/em>\u4e3a\u590d\u5408\u578b\u5916\u578b\u5404\u6210\u5206\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c<em>\u03b8<sub>ei<\/sub><\/em>\u4e3a\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u6210\u5206\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b. \u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u5907\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5f53\u505a\u662f\u56fa\u6001\u4e0e\u6c7d\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u578b\u5916\u578b. \u5f53\u6db2\u6001\u4e3a\u6c34\u65f6\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6c34\u4e0e\u6c7d\u4f53\u6210\u5206\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a180\u00b1\uff0c\u5219Cassie-Baxter\u6a21\u578b\u5199\u51fa<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06b3d107.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<em>f<sub>s<\/sub><\/em>\u4e3a\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u6bd4\u6210\u7ee9. \u4e0eWenzel\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0cCassie-Baxter\u6a21\u578b\u89c9\u5f97\u6db2\u6001\u6c92\u6709\u6e17\u5165\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u6709\u6c7d\u4f53\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u9489\u624e(pin)\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9876\u90e8\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 2(c)\u6240\u663e\u793a. \u8fd9\u7c7b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5. Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8d85\u51fa150\u00b1\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5(Herminghaus 2000\uff0cQu\u00e9r\u00e9 2008\uff0cZheng et al. 2004)\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u6392\u6c14\u9600\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5bf9\u5916\u578b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u813e\u6c14\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u6548. \u6070\u597d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6c7d\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u56fa\u6c14\u590d\u5408\u578b\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u5747\u503c\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8868\u89c2\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u5916\u578b\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd(\u4e8e\u6d77\u6c5f\u548c\u7f57\u6b63\u9e3f2009). \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u6240\u5360\u5916\u578b\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u6bd4\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5373\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u6bd4\u6210\u7ee9<em>f<sub>s<\/sub><\/em>\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5916\u578b\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\u505a\u5230\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5(Zhang X et al. 2008).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u4fdd\u6301\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ea7\u751fCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u5145\u5206\u8fd0\u7528\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6807\u51c6. \u5f53\u6db2\u6001\u5f7b\u5e95\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u505a\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u5219\u4f1a\u4e27\u5931\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027. \u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u6001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4fb5\u6da6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001. \u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u5173\u952e\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762:(1)\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4eceCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b;(2)\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4ece\u6216\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u4fee\u590d\u5230Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b;(3)\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5411\u6db2\u6001\u5185\u7a81\u663e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf. \u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u5173\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u952e\u6839\u636e2\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2: \u4ece\u52a8\u80fd\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u9699; \u4ece\u529b\u5747\u8861\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u8131\u9489\u624e\u5931\u8861\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a. \u884c\u9a76\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u51b7\u85cf\u8131\u79bb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6cd5\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\u6027\uff0c\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7b49. \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u5256\u6790\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u571f\u5c42\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u5c3d\u91cf\u7684\u6269\u5927\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5728\u5916\u578b\u642d\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u5730(Bhushan et al. 2009\uff0cQu\u00e9r\u00e9 2008)(\u56fe 3(a)). \u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u56fa\u6001\u4e0e\u6db2\u6001\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6db2\u6001\u4e0e\u5916\u5f62\u7684\u9ecf\u9644\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4f4e\u6ede\u540e\u6027\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u70b9(Kwon et al. 2009\uff0cSu et al. 2010a). \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4eceCassie-Baxter \u5230Wenzel \u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7ed9\u4e88\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9489\u624e\u70b9(Hemeda et al. 2014\uff0cXue et al. 2012)(\u56fe 3(b))\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u9699(Bottiglione &amp; Carbone\uff0c2013\uff0cHensel et al. 2014)\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u62b5\u5fa1\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b(\u56fe 3(c))\uff0c\u62d3\u5bbd\u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650. \u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7684\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u810f\u4e1c\u897f\u5806\u79ef\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51e0\u7387(Lv et al. 2015). \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672fCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u5c3d\u91cf\u591a\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u6c7d\u4f53\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u884c\u9a76\u7387. \u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u5c55\u5916\u578b\u8010\u78e8\u635f\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7262\u56fa\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5f20\u4e86\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u8303\u7574(Aytug et al. 2013\uff0cVerho et al. 2011).<\/p>\n<table id=\"F3\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06b512a0.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 3\u00a0\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3:(a)\u5178\u578b\u6027\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b(Kwon et al. 2009). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u632a\u52a8\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9489\u624e\u70b9.(c)\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a(Hemeda et al. 2014)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d<em>d<\/em>\u4e3a\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ebf\u5708\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8584\u539a\uff0c<em>l<\/em>\u4e3a\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ebf\u5708\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u957f\u77ed\uff0c<em>M<\/em>\u4e3a\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ebf\u5708\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6570\u91cf\uff0c<em>P<\/em><sub>cr<\/sub>\u4e3a\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5931\u8861\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\uff0c\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ebf\u5708\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8bd5\u54c1\u5916\u578b\u62b5\u5fa1\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5b8c\u6210Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u5177\u5907\u5927\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u3001\u4f4e\u6ede\u540e\u6027\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20. \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u8010\u6c61\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u5177\u5907\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u51fa\u822a\u5668\u3001\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u77f3\u6cb9\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u6c14\u7ba1\u3001\u5fae\u6db2\u4f53\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u5145\u5206\u8fd0\u7528\u5176\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u9875\u9762\u79fb\u52a8\u813e\u6c14\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u51cf\u5c11\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u6469\u64e6\u963b\u529b\u3001\u7ba1\u63a7\u7a7a\u8680\u7b49\u76ee\u5730. \u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u5148\u68b3\u7406\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u9898\u578b; \u968f\u540e\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u504f\u91cd\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u5916\u90e8\u8981\u7d20\u5bf9\u4e8c\u79cd\u4fb5\u6da6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6709\u5173\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2 -\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u5ea6; \u6700\u7ec8\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fd0\u7528.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">2 \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u9898\u578b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u5907\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u6765\u4fdd\u6301Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u548c\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027(Zhang et al. 2008). \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7acb\u5373\u5371\u5bb3\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027. \u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u90e8\u4f4d\u548c\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5173\u952e\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u9898\u578b: \u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4eceCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b; \u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4ece Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u6216\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u4fee\u590d\u5230Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b; \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5411\u6db2\u6001\u5185\u7a81\u663e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf. \u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">2.1 \u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u632f\u8361\u3001\u6325\u53d1\u3001\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u3001\u51b2\u51fb\u6027\u529f\u6548\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u5e72\u6270\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9488\u5bf9\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f9d\u65e7\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u7531Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3aWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Patankar 2004b). \u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4e27\u5931\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c14\u9886\u609f\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5916\u578b\u7f3a\u5931\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684(Bahadur &amp; Garimella\uff0c2008\uff0cBormashenko et al. 2007b\uff0cHerbertson et al. 2006\uff0cKrupenkin et al. 2004\uff0cLafuma &amp; Qu\u00e9r\u00e9\uff0c2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u5173\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u952e\u6839\u636e2\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2:(1)\u4ece\u52a8\u80fd\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e8c\u79cd\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5916\u90e8\u529f\u6548\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5145\u88d5\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e00\u80fd\u9699\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f(Blow &amp; Yeomans\uff0c2010\uff0cBormashenko 2015\uff0cBormashenko et al. 2012\uff0cDavid &amp; Neumann\uff0c2013\uff0cDupuis &amp; Yeomans\uff0c2005\uff0cSu et al. 2010b);(2)\u4ece\u529b\u5747\u8861\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u8131\u9489\u624e\u5931\u8861\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5206\u8fa8\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u751f(Emami et al. 2012a\uff0cEmami et al. 2012b\uff0cLobaton &amp; Salamon\uff0c2007\uff0cZheng et al. 2005). \u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0cWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u60c5\u51b5. \u4f9d\u7167\u6700\u5c11\u52a8\u80fd\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u4eceCassie-Baxter \u8f6c\u53d8\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e8c\u79cd\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u5b58\u6709\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699(\u56fe 4)\uff0c\u5373\u4f7fWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u5904\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5916\u90e8\u529f\u6548\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u8d8a\u8fc7\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f(Patankar 2004b\uff0cYoshimitsu et al. 2002). \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5916\u90e8\u529f\u6548\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0cCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7262\u56fa\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Xue et al. 2012). \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d7\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5c55\u5f00\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u79cd\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8be6\u5c3d\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6d4b\u7b97\u5931\u8861\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a(Zheng et al. 2005)\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316(Emami et al. 2012a)\uff0c\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f53\u5236\u5f00\u5c55\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u62b5\u5fa1\u4fb5\u6da6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u5bfc.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F4\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06b6b8e5.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 4\u00a0Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0eWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u5b58\u6709\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699(Ren 2014). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5018\u82e5\u5ffd\u89c6\u60ef\u6027\u529b\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4eceCassie-Baxter\u5230Wenzel\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5173\u952e\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u79cd\u7c7b: \u8131\u9489\u624e\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(depinning transition)\u548c\u677e\u9a70\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(sag transition)(Kusumaatmaja et al. 2008\uff0cManukyan et al. 2011\uff0cPatankar 2010\uff0cReyssat et al. 2008). \u8131\u9489\u624e\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5728Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u89d2\u70b9\u5904\u8131\u9489\u624e(depin)\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u987a\u7740\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u58c1\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u89e6\u78b0\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5e95\u8fb9\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u6210Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(\u56fe 5(a)). \u677e\u9a70\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u58c1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u8fd8\u672a\u505a\u5230\u524d\u884c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d\u9876\u90e8\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5e95\u8fb9\u89e6\u78b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u4f9d\u7136\u9489\u624e\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u89d2\u70b9\u5904(\u56fe 5(b)). \u9488\u5bf9\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5173\u952e\u4e3a\u8131\u9489\u624e\u8f6c\u53d8; \u800c\u9488\u5bf9\u504f\u6d45\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u4ee5\u677e\u9a70\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F5\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06b846b7.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 5\u00a0\u4eceCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e8c\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b(Patankar 2010):(a)\u8131\u9489\u624e\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(depinning transition)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d<em>\u03b8<\/em><sub>pin<\/sub>\u4e3a\u9489\u624e\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u89d2\u70b9\u5904\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u58c1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c<em>\u03b8<\/em><sub>e<\/sub>\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u58c1\u7684\u672c\u5f81\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u5f53<em>\u03b8<\/em><sub>pin<\/sub>&gt;<em>\u03b8<\/em><sub>e<\/sub>\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8131\u9489\u624e\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.(b)\u677e\u9a70\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(sag transition)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d<em>sag<\/em>\u4e3a\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d\u9876\u90e8\u677e\u9a70\u6df1\u5c42\uff0c<em>H<\/em>\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6df1\u5c42\uff0c\u5f53<em>sag<\/em>&gt;<em>H<\/em>\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u677e\u9a70\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.\u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u901a\u5e38\u89c9\u5f97\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u5373Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u548cWenzel\u60c5\u51b5. \u4f46\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4fbf\u4f1a\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fd8\u5b58\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u6001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4fb5\u6da6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u60c5\u51b5(Lv et al. 2014\uff0cPoetes et al. 2010\uff0cXue et al. 2012). \u6839\u636e\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8131\u9489\u624e\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u5907\u6f14\u53d8\u73af\u8282\u5173\u952e\u5305\u542b: \u4eceCassie-Baxter\u72b6\u51b5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u89e6\u53ca\u5230\u5e95\u90e8\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u505a\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.\u00a0\u56fe 6\u00a0\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u5dee\u5f02\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u4e0b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5404\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u5173\u8054(Xue et al. 2012). \u4ece<em>A<\/em>\u5230<em>P<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>\uff0cCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8eWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5904\u5728\u7262\u56fa\u7684Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5. \u4ece<em>P<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>\u9010\u6e10\uff0cWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8eCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece<em>P<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>\u5230<em>P<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f9d\u7136\u5904\u5728Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7262\u56fa\u7684Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5. \u4ece<em>P<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\u9010\u6e10\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u8131\u9489\u624e\uff0c<em>P<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\u5230<em>B<\/em>\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fdb\u5230\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001. \u8fd9\u65f6\u5018\u82e5\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u589e\u52a0\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373<em>C<\/em>\u5230<em>D<\/em>\u73af\u8282. \u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5f00\u5c55\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 7\u00a0\u6240\u663e\u793a.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F6\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06b9ad14.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 6\u00a0\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u4e0b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5404\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b<em>P<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\u5230<em>B<\/em>\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u5b58\u6709(Xue et al. 2012).\u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"F7\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06bb339d.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 7\u00a0\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7559\u610f\u5230\u7684\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001:(a)\u6807\u51c6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001(Lv et al. 2014). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u4e0d\u89c4\u5f8b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001(Poetes et al. 2010). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8.(c)\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u6f14\u53d8(Papadopoulos et al. 2013)\uff0c\u63d2\u753b\u56fe\u7247\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5e73\u9762\u56fe\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d<em>x<\/em>\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5ea7\u6807\uff0ch<sub>air<\/sub>\u4e3a\u571f\u5c42\u8584\u539a\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6642\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u505a\u5230\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\uff0ch<sub>min<\/sub>\u4e3a\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d\u7aef\u70b9\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5e95\u8fb9\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd\uff0c\u7531\u56fe\u5185\u4e2d\u7a7a\u8d77\u70b9\u8868\u9732\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\uff0ch<sub>CL<\/sub>\u4e3a\u56fa-\u6db2-\u6c14\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5e95\u8fb9\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd\uff0c\u7531\u56fe\u5185\u5b9e\u5fc3\u5706\u70b9\u8868\u9732\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\uff0c<em>\u03b8<\/em><sub>CL<\/sub>\u00a0\u4e3a\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u58c1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6642\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u524d\u884c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6211\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5e95\u8fb9\u89e6\u78b0\uff0c\u8fdb\u5230\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5931\u8861\u73af\u8282. \u67092\u79cd\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u65b9\u6cd5: \u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u89e6\u78b0\u548c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u89e6\u78b0. \u5728\u5f88\u591a\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u89c9\u5f97\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u5931\u8861\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d\u548c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6b63\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684(Ishino et al. 2004\uff0cWhyman &amp; Bormashenko\uff0c2011)(\u56fe 8(a)). \u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5256\u6790\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u4eff\u5747\u53ef\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u6b63\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u7ed3\u6784(Giacomello et al. 2012a\uff0cGiacomello et al. 2012b)(\u56fe 8(b)). \u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5931\u8861\u4e0e\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 9\u00a0\u6240\u663e\u793a. \u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5256\u6790\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u6709\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Giacomello et al. 2012a). \u8bd5\u9a8c\u5c42\u9762\u5219\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u7f18\u7531\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5e95\u8fb9\u810f\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0a\u51dd\u56fa\u7684\u5fae\u51fa\u6db2\u9020\u6210\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u7684\u4ea7\u751f(Lv et al. 2015). \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u7f29\u77ed\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u8fd0\u7528. \u8bd5\u9a8c\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u5c06\u8bd5\u54c1\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u51e0\u7387.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F8\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134058-61b9f06a75c29.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 8\u00a0\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u6700\u7ec8\u73af\u8282\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5931\u8861\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b:(a)\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5931\u8861\u7ed3\u6784(Whyman &amp; Bor-mashenko 2011). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u7ed3\u6784(Giacomello et al. 2012a). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"F9\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06bcace0.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 9\u00a0\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5931\u8861\u7ed3\u6784\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u7167\u7247(Lv et al. 2015):(a)\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5931\u8861\u7ed3\u6784.(b)\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5931\u8861\u7ed3\u6784.\u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u884c\u9a76\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6cd5\uff0c\u5149\u900f\u5c04\u6cd5\uff0c\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6280\u672f\u6027\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\u6027\uff0c\u51b7\u85cf\u8131\u79bb\u6cd5\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 10\u00a0\u6240\u663e\u793a. \u7535\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u5176\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6cd5(Bobji et al. 2009\uff0cForsberg et al. 2011\uff0cMoulinet &amp; Bartolo\uff0c2007\uff0cSakai et al. 2009\uff0cXu et al. 2014)\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u6700\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5149\u53cd\u5c04\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u9010\u6e10\u6df1\u9677\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u571f\u5c42\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u9000\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u53ef\u662f\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u638c\u63e1\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u5149\u900f\u5c04\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u586b\u5145\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f3a\u70b9. \u884c\u9a76\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u6db2\u6001\u548c\u6c7d\u4f53\u6298\u5149\u7387\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5c06\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u571f\u5c42\u505a\u4e3a\u884d\u5c04\u5149\u6805\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u900f\u5c04\u6591\u56fe. \u9488\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u900f\u5c04\u6591\u56fe\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u571f\u5c42\u8584\u539a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5ea6(Lei et al. 2010\uff0cRathgen &amp; Mugele\uff0c2010). \u9488\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u9a76X X\u5c04\u7ebf\u900f\u5c04\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u89c2\u5bdf(Checco et al. 2014). \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6839\u636e\u95f4\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u70b9\u5373\u65f6\u89c2\u5bdf\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Luo et al. 2010\uff0cPapadopoulos et al. 2012\uff0cPapadopoulos et al. 2013\uff0cPoetes et al. 2010\uff0cTsai et al. 2009b\uff0cVerho et al. 2012). \u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6839\u636e\u65ad\u5757\u5207\u6210\u7247\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u8bd5\u54c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u7eaa\u5f55\u89c2\u5bdf\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u5168\u90e8\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u548c\u83b9\u5149\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u7ef4\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5c06\u626b\u63cf\u7167\u7247\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u7acb\u4f53\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5448\u73b0\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u548c\u90e8\u4f4d. \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5916\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6642\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7eaa\u5f55\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u8fd9\u5c31\u5fc5\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u901f\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\u6027\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e\u5916\u578b\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5206\u8fa8\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Bartolo et al. 2006\uff0cDeng et al. 2013\uff0cHao et al. 2015\uff0cTsai et al. 2009a). \u9664\u5f00\u884c\u9a76\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u9009\u7528\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51b7\u85cf\u8131\u79bb\u6cd5. \u5c06\u5904\u5728\u67d0\u7c7b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u6e17\u5165\u6db2\u6c2e\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u4f1a\u7075\u5de7\u88ab\u51b7\u85cf\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5c06\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u51b7\u85cf\u7684\u51fa\u6db2\u8131\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u5f00\u5c55\u89c2\u67e5. \u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u51b7\u85cf\u51fa\u6db2\u5916\u578b\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51f9\u75d5\u6df1\u5c42\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u51b7\u85cf\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5(Cannon &amp; King\uff0c2010\uff0cRykaczewski et al. 2012\uff0cWiedemann et al. 2013). \u51b7\u85cf\u8131\u79bb\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5ea6\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f00\u5c55\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. \u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u5f0f\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u7455\u73b7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u5c55\u6311\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u65b9\u5f0f\u878d\u5408\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u626c\u957f\u8865\u77ed. \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4f46\u9650\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0b\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u7528.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F10\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134059-61b9f06be314f.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 10\u00a0\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b:(a)\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6cd5(Bobji et al. 2009). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6280\u672f\u6027(Papadopoulos et al. 2013). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6211\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5168\u90e8.(c)\u51b7\u85cf\u8131\u79bb\u6cd5(Wiedemann et al. 2013). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(d)\u5149\u900f\u5c04\u6cd5(Rathgen &amp; Mugele\uff0c2010)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d<em>T<\/em>\u4e3a\u5fae\u69fd\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c<em>W<\/em>\u4e3a\u5fae\u69fd\u603b\u5bbd. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5ba4\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(e)\u9ad8\u901f\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\u6027(Hao et al. 2015). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e8b\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. \u5728\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u67d0\u7c7b\u5c24\u5176\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u5f15\u98ce\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u7eaa\u5f55\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u6f14\u53d8\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u73af\u5883\u8981\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u5f53\u4e2d\u6c47\u603b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027. \u6839\u636e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7559\u610f\u5230\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\u53ca\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u51fa\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5f62\u52bf\u5f00\u5c55\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b. \u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7b49\u6d4b\u7b97\u6548\u4eff\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u548c\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u529f\u6548. \u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u5236\u53d6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u571f\u5c42\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u62b5\u5fa1\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u652f\u6491\u70b9. \u6839\u636e\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u9488\u5bf9\u03bcm\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6325\u53d1\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u66f4\u6539\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u9020\u6210\u7684\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3. \u4e0b\u9762\u4ecd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u627f\u7ee7\u63a2\u5bfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7b49. \u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9488\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b0\u5f0f\u6027\u80fd\u5353\u8d8a\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">2.2 \u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6bc1\u574f\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u571f\u5c42\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027. \u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u5236\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599(He et al. 2011\uff0cKwon et al. 2009\uff0cLi et al. 2013\uff0cPan &amp; Wang\uff0c2009\uff0cSalvadori et al. 2010\uff0cWu et al. 2014). \u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u5916\u90e8\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5fc5\u9700\u63a2\u7d22\u884c\u5f97\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4fee\u590d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5. \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9488\u5bf9\u62d3\u5c55\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8bd5\u54c1\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u8303\u7574\u5177\u5907\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u65f6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8f83\u96be\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u7f18\u7531\u5173\u952e\u6709\u4e8c\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u70b9: \u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u89c9\u5f97Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u52a8\u80fd\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u4fee\u590d\u5230Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5(Bormashenko et al. 2007b\uff0cLafuma &amp; Qu\u00e9r\u00e9\uff0c2003); \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u70b9\u89c9\u5f97\u5728Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u548cWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u963b\u62e6\u4e86\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u5c55(Noscinovsky &amp; Bhushan\uff0c2008\uff0cPatankar 2004a). \u53ef\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210(\u56fe 11)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u52a0\u6e29\u9020\u6210\u84b8\u6c14(Adera et al. 2013\uff0cLiu G M et al. 2011)\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u6cd5\u6c34\u4ea7\u54c1\u6c14\u607c\u4f53(Krupenkin et al. 2007\uff0cLee &amp; Kim\uff0c2011b)\uff0c\u7535\u4fb5\u6da6(Manukyan et al. 2011)\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6574(Lei et al. 2010\uff0cVerho et al. 2012)\uff0c\u9707\u52a8\u632f\u8361(Boreyko &amp; Chen\uff0c2009)\u7b49. \u9488\u5bf9\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7684\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5167\u90e8\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u4e92\u6362\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u6210\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u65b9\u6848. \u5b8c\u6210\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9898\u578b\u662f\u571f\u5c42\u7684\u4fee\u590d. \u4f9d\u636e\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u8087\u7aef\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u7528\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u571f\u5c42\u5f00\u5c55\u4fee\u590d. \u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8bd5\u54c1\u8fd8\u672a\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u4fb5\u6da6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u5904\u5728\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u6216\u662f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672fCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u8fd8\u8054\u5408\u5206\u5e03\u6b8b\u7559\u6c7d\u4f53. \u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u7528\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6574\u7b49\\&#8221;\u6c7d\u4f53\u589e\u9009\\&#8221; \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u571f\u5c42\u5f00\u5c55\u4fee\u590d. \u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c06\u6d88\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u91cc\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6790\u51fa\u6216\u662f\u5750\u843d\u4e8e\u522b\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6c7d\u4f53\u91cf\u7684\u4fee\u590d. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8bd5\u54c1\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u4fb5\u6da6\uff0c\u505a\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u6b8b\u7559\u6c7d\u4f53. \u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u9700\u9009\u7528\u52a0\u6e29\u3001\u6c34\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u7b49\\&#8221;\u6c7d\u4f53\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\\&#8221; \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u571f\u5c42\u5f00\u5c55\u4fee\u590d. \u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u65e7\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u571f\u5c42\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u952e\u5165\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u70ed\u5b66\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F11\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134100-61b9f06c143c1.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 11\u00a0\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b:(a)\u52a0\u70ed\u6cd5(Liu G M et al. 2011). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u6c34\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u6cd5(Lee &amp; Kim\uff0c2011b). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8.(c)\u90e8\u5206\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6574\u6cd5(Verho et al. 2012). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6211\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u9488\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u539f\u7406\u5e76\u672a\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u6e05. \u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u5373\u4f7f\u5916\u90e8\u952e\u5165\u5f88\u591a\u52a8\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Boreyko et al. 2011\uff0cBoreyko &amp; Collier\uff0c2013)\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u9700\u5f00\u5c55\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6d4b\u7b97\u3001\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u5f00\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u91cf\u73af\u4fdd\u8282\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u65b9\u5f0f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">2.3 \u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u4e0e\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u65b9\u4f4d\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u6c7d\u6ce1\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5411\u6c34\u8eab\u4f53\u5185\u51f8\u8d77\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u52a0\u6e29\u3001\u8d85\u58f0\u6ce2\u632f\u52a8\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u3001\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u3001\u9ad8\u6d41\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u526a\u622a\u529f\u6548\u7b49. \u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7a7a\u7a74\u901a\u5e38\u505a\u4e3a\u6c7d\u6ce1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6838\u5316\u70b9\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7a7a\u8680\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9600\u503c\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7a7a\u8680\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u751f(Jones et al. 1999\uff0cMorch 2009). \u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u884c\u9a76\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\u6765\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u5730\u64cd\u7eb5\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf(Borkent et al. 2009\uff0cMarschall et al. 2003\uff0cShchukin et al. 2011\uff0cWang et al. 2012\uff0cZwaan et al. 2007). \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4ee5\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5173\u952e\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6ce1\u6cab\u7684\u80c0\u5927\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u3001\u584c\u7f29\u3001\u88c2\u5316\u3001\u6e83\u706d\u7b49\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5bf9\u51cf\u963b\u3001\u65a5\u6c34\u3001\u7a7a\u8680\u3001\u8010\u6c61\u7b49\u8ff9\u8c61\u90fd\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u5371\u5bb3(Davis &amp; Lauga\uff0c2009b\uff0cSteinberger et al. 2008\uff0cWu et al. 2008). \u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u968f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u5c24\u5176\u5f88\u662f\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u72ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c14\u7a74\u7684\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u6838\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u5256\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u9a76\u53ef\u53d8\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b(Yount 1979)\u53ca\u5176\u5951\u5f62\u7f1d\u9699\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b(Atchley &amp; Prosperetti\uff0c1989\uff0cBorkent et al. 2009\uff0cChappell &amp; Payne\uff0c2007\uff0cHarvey et al. 1944)\u5f00\u5c55\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. \u7531\u4e8e\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5916\u578b\u751f\u4ea7\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u5217\u9635\u6c14\u7a74\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u8680\u8ff9\u8c61\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u5fc3. \u76f8\u90bb\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u6c7d\u6ce1\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd\u4f4e\u4e8e200 \u00b5m \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408(Bremond et al. 2006a\uff0cBremond et al. 2006b). \u867d\u7136\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7d93\u5178\u7684Rayleigh-Plesset \u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u5c55\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u8680\u4ea7\u751f\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u9898\u578b\u8fd8\u9700\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790. \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5217\u9635\u5fae\u6c7d\u6ce1\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5728\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f1a\u5728\u5916\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u6eb6\u5408\u7b49. \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u641e\u6e05\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7a7a\u8680\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6c14\u7a74\u5728\u6210\u957f\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u70ed\u5b66\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u5408\u751f\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u4f53\u5236.\u00a0Xue \u7b49(2015)\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5728\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u70ed\u5b66\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u63a8\u8bba\u51fa\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u73af\u8282\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6c7d\u4f53\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a2\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u76f8\u56fe(\u56fe 12).<\/p>\n<table id=\"F12\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\u70b9\u51fb\u67e5\u770b\u539f\u56fe\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134100-61b9f06c3046e.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 12\u00a0\u539f\u59cb\u6c7d\u4f53\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u4f53\u5236\u76f8\u56fe(Xue et al. 2015)\uff0c<em>\u03b2<\/em>=\u00a0<em>V<\/em><sub>initial<\/sub>=<em>V<sub>H<\/sub><\/em>\uff0c<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20211215134100-61b9f06c4ee79.jpg\" \/>=(<em>p<\/em><sub>V<\/sub>&#8211;<em>p<\/em><sub>L<\/sub>)=<em>p<\/em><sub>atm<\/sub>\uff0c<em>L<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>\uff0c<em>L<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\uff0c\u2026\uff0c<em>L<\/em><sub>5<\/sub>\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e94\u6761\u76f8\u4ea4\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d<em>V<\/em><sub>initial<\/sub>\u662f\u5fae\u5b54\u677f\u5185\u539f\u59cb\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c<em>V<sub>H<\/sub><\/em>\u662f\u5fae\u5b54\u677f\u7684\u5bb9\u79ef\uff0c\u56e0\u800c<em>\u03b2<\/em>\u662f\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6c7d\u4f53\u91cf\uff0c<em>p<\/em><sub>V<\/sub>\u662f\u9971\u548c\u84b8\u6c14\u538b\uff0c<em>p<\/em><sub>L<\/sub>\u00a0\u662f\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c<em>p<\/em><sub>atm<\/sub>\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5927\u6c14\u538b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"kw5arzvfwic4725.jpg\" \/>\u662f\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u538b\u529b(\u5373\u62c9\u7533\u5185\u5e94\u529b). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9ad8\u901f\u6444\u5f71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7a7a\u6ce1\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u4e43\u81f3\u6e83\u706d\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u9488\u5bf9\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5185\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bf9\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u80c0\u5927\u3001\u6e83\u706d\u7b49\u7a7a\u8680\u8ff9\u8c61\u6709\u504f\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5371\u5bb3. \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6c34\u91cc\u6d88\u6eb6\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316. \u5018\u82e5\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u91cf\u5386\u4e45\u5f25\u65b0\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5411\u6c34\u8d28\u5167\u90e8\u51f8\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ee5\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u6838\u5316\u70b9\u4ea7\u751f\u6c7d\u6ce1\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7a7a\u8680\u7684\u7d50\u679c. \u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c6f\u7279\u5927\u5b66Lohse \u4e13\u5bb6\u6559\u6388\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6c7d\u6ce1\u6f14\u53d8\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76(Bremond et al. 2006a\uff0cBremond et al. 2005\uff0cBremond et al. 2006b\uff0cEnr\u00edquez et al. 2014\uff0cLohse &amp; Zhang\uff0c2015)\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6c34\u73af\u5883\u589e\u52a0\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u5355\u8109\u51b2\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u80c0\u5927\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u3001\u584c\u7f29\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u9ad8\u901f\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u5f00\u5c55\u5b8c\u5907\u7eaa\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 13\u00a0\u6240\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6c7d\u6ce1\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8ff9\u8c61\u5f00\u5c55\u9610\u91ca. \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0cEnr\u00edquez \u7b49(2013)\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u64cd\u7eb5\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6c34\u91cc\u6d88\u6eb6\u6c7d\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u539f\u70b9\u89c2\u5bdf\u670d\u52a1\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6c7d\u6ce1\u80c0\u5927\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F13\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"hs4hfygatps4726.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 13\u00a0\u884c\u9a76\u9ad8\u901f\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\u6027\u89c2\u67e5\u6c14\u5b54\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Bremond et al. 2006a). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f46\u5371\u5bb3\u6c7d\u6ce1\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u5916\u754c\u8981\u7d20\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\uff0c\u6c7d\u6ce1\u6f14\u53d8\u5f62\u52bf\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u9700\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63ed\u9732\u672c\u8d28\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u6781\u81f4\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">3 \u4e8c\u79cd\u4fb5\u6da6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u952e\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e8c\u79cd\u4fb5\u6da6\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb: \u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb. \u8fd9\u4e8c\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u90fd\u5b58\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u9898\u578b. \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u906d\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u3001\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u3001\u6db2\u6001\u6325\u53d1\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u9707\u52a8\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u526a\u622a\u7b49\u529f\u6548(Boreyko &amp; Chen\uff0c2009\uff0cHyvaluoma &amp; Harting\uff0c2008\uff0cLei et al. 2010\uff0cMoulinet &amp; Bartolo\uff0c2007\uff0cPoetes et al. 2010\uff0cSbragaglia et al. 2007). \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u539f\u56e0\u4e00\u540c\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u64cd\u7eb5\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u5176\u7262\u56fa\u6027. \u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u53c8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b. \u6bd4\u5982\u9488\u5bf9\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u6216\u662f\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u800c\u9488\u5bf9\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u5173\u952e\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u548c\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6. \u81eaWenzel(1936)\u3001Cassie\u548cBaxter(1944)\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u6784\u9020\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u4fb5\u6da6\u884c\u4e3a\u65e9\u5df2\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u5728\u51cf\u963b\u51cf\u566a\u5c42\u9762\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u70ed\u70b9. \u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5dee\u5f02\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e: \u5c06\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d78\u5165\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u95f4\u7684\u6c14\u9886\u609f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7684\u571f\u5c42\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u660e\u663e\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u4e0e\u6c34\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8513\u5ef6\u548c\u6d88\u6eb6\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1. \u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u662f\u7cbe\u51c6\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c. \u5256\u6790\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u906d\u9047\u7684\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6269\u5f20\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u9ad8\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49. \u8fd9\u8282\u5404\u81ea\u4ece\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb2\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u504f\u91cd\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u8981\u7d20\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6709\u5173\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u5ea6.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">3.1 \u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u57fa\u672c. \u5c06\u51fa\u6db2\u653e\u5230\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6db2\u6dcc\u4e0b\u8fb9\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5728\u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u65f6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0e\u56db\u5468\u73af\u5883\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fde\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5305\u542b\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316(Kwon et al. 2009\uff0cLafuma &amp; Qu\u00e9r\u00e9\uff0c2003)\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u632f\u8361(Bormashenko et al. 2007c\uff0cBormashenko et al. 2007d)\u3001\u6325\u53d1(Chen et al. 2012\uff0cReyssat et al. 2008\uff0cTsai et al. 2010)\u3001\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u5316(Bormashenko et al. 2007a\uff0cShahraz et al. 2012)\u3001\u51b2\u51fb\u6027\u529f\u6548(Bartolo et al. 2006\uff0cKwon et al. 2011)\u7b49. \u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7ba1\u63a7\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u6839\u636eCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u813e\u6c14\u5c24\u5176\u5f88\u662f\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89. \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027(Tuteja et al. 2007); \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u6216\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672fCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u6b8b\u4f59\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4fee\u590dCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c2.2 \u8282\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u662f\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61. \u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6325\u53d1\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u5bb9\u79ef\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5747\u503c\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u5185\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5f2f\u6298\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u6700\u540e\u6ca1\u6cd5\u627f\u7ee7\u4fdd\u6301\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 14\u00a0\u6240\u663e\u793a.\u00a0Tsai \u7b49(2010)\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u52a0\u70ed\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5728\u51fa\u6db2\u53d8\u5c0f\u7684\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4eceCassie-Baxter \u5230Wenzel \u7684\u7a81\u7136\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u52a8\u80fd\u4e0a\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u51fa\u6db2\u89c4\u683c\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5371\u5bb3.\u00a0Luo \u7b49(2010)\u884c\u9a76\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u89c2\u67e5\u4e86\u51fa\u6db2\u5728\u83cf\u53f6\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u590d\u5408\u578b\u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u4e8c\u79cd\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u4e0aCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u6c7d\u4f53\u6210\u5206\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u6070\u597d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u624d\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8bd5\u4ef6\u5916\u578b\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u5916\u578b.\u00a0Papadopoulos \u7b49(2013)\u4e00\u6837\u884c\u9a76\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4e09\u7ef4\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u62cd\u7167\u5230\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d\u51f9\u9677\u4fb5\u6da6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u51f9\u9677\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F14\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"\u70b9\u51fb\u67e5\u770b\u539f\u56fe\" src=\"5kybv3pfmfw4727.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 14\u00a0\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u5f15\u8d77\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b:(a)\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u6790\u56fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u9489\u624e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(CCL)\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5300\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(CCA)\u53ca\u5176\u6df7\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Mixed)(Chen et al. 2012). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u800c\u6df1\u9677\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8(Papadopoulos et al. 2013). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6211\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5168\u90e8.(c)\u51fa\u6db2\u6325\u53d1\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4eceCassie-Baxter \u5230Wenzel \u7684\u8f6c\u53d8(Tsai et al. 2010). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e\u5916\u578b\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u5e72\u6270\u7b49\u5168\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61. \u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5371\u5bb3\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5747\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5747\u8861; \u78b0\u649e\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u6db2\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4e88\u5145\u5206\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u9699; \u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u632f\u8361\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u4e5f\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u9707\u52a8\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u51fa\u6db2\u51fb\u8d25\u80fd\u5792\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8. \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u529f\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u4f53\u5236\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7ed9\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u5728Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u548cWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u95f4\u5f00\u5c55\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 15\u00a0\u6240\u663e\u793a.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F15\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"3qtmm3knclq4728.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 15\u00a0\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20:(a)\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316(Lafuma &amp; Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 2003). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e(Bartolo et al. 2006). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(c)\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u9707\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Bormashenko et al. 2007d). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(d)\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u9707\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(Boreyko &amp; Chen\uff0c2009). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6269\u5927\u52a8\u80fd\u80fd\u9699\u8fdb\u800c\u53d1\u5c55Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6709\u6548\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u5916\u578b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u957f\u7ec6\u6bd4\uff0c\u642d\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7b49. \u5916\u578b\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u70b9\u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u4e8c\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u5b8c\u6210(Feng et al. 2002\uff0cJin et al. 2011\uff0cPatankar 2004a):(1)\u5728\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u642d\u5efa\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u6784\u9020;(2)\u5728\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u88c5\u9970\u4f4e\u5916\u578b\u80fd\u6210\u5206. \u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u5177\u5907\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u89c2\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e43\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d34\u8fd1180\u00b1(Gao &amp; McCarthy\uff0c2006c\uff0cLarmour et al. 2007\uff0cZhang &amp; Seeger\uff0c2011). \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5438\u6c34\u6027\u5b50\u7684\u5e95\u6750\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u6548\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u5916\u578b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b(\u5218\u5efa\u67972007\uff0cFeng et al. 2003\uff0cHensel et al. 2013\uff0cHosono et al. 2005\uff0cLiu et al. 2007\uff0cLiu &amp; Kim\uff0c2014\uff0cPatankar 2009\uff0cZhu M F et al. 2006). \u5176\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6784\u601d\u4fbf\u662f\u5c06\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u4ea7\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u5185\u51f9\u7ed3\u6784(\u56fe 16(a))\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8df3\u866b\u5916\u578b\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784(\u56fe 16(b))\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u9489\u624e\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u571f\u5c42\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5. \u5c06\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u03bcm\u7ea7\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u642d\u5efa\u7eb3\u7c73\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u89c4\u683c\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ebf\u5708\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b(Cortese et al. 2008\uff0cJeong et al. 2006\uff0cNosonovsky &amp; Bhushan\uff0c2007\uff0cShirtcliffe et al. 2004)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u56fa\u6001\u4e0e\u6db2\u6001\u7684\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8868\u89c2\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5916\u578b\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5b8c\u6210\u758f\u6cb9\u5916\u578b(Hsieh et al. 2010\uff0cKota et al. 2012b\uff0cPan et al. 2013\uff0cTuteja et al. 2007\uff0cWong et al. 2013\uff0cZhang G Y et al. 2013). \u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5353\u8d8a\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u51fa\u6db2\u78b0\u649e\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u571f\u5c42\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u751f(Liu et al. 2014\uff0c\u56fe 17).<\/p>\n<table id=\"F16\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"ygf5u54y1gu4729.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 16\u00a0\u5b8c\u6210\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1.(a)\u5185\u51f9\u7ed3\u6784\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7535\u955c\u76f8\u7247(Liu &amp; Kim\uff0c2014). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u8df3\u866b\u5916\u578b\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u8c8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u8d85\u758f\u6cb9\u7279\u70b9(Hensel et al. 2013). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"F17\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"f4xozxh02g44730.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 17\u00a0\u6027\u80fd\u5353\u8d8a\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u6709\u6548\u62b5\u5fa1\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b: \u57282.7 ms\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u6db2\u65e9\u5df2\u6df1\u9677\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u51fa\u6db2\u5feb\u901f\u78b0\u649e\u5916\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5(Liu et al. 2014). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u83b1\u987f\u5f17\u7f57\u65af\u7279(Leidenfrost)\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u51fa\u6db2\u653e\u5230\u6eab\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u6db2\u6001\u7194\u70b9\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u51fa\u4e00\u5c42\u6709\u9694\u70ed\u4fdd\u6e29\u529f\u6548\u7684\u84b8\u6c14\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u5230\u963b\u62e6\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76ee\u5730(Dupeux et al. 2011\uff0cLagubeau et al. 2011\uff0cQu\u00e9r\u00e9 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">3.2 \u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u9488\u5bf9\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5386\u7ecf\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u5c06\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u6d78\u5165\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6c34\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u5c24\u5176\u5f88\u662f\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u6c14\u9886\u609f\u5386\u4e45\u5f25\u65b0\u5730\u4e3a\u56db\u5468\u6c34\u8d28\u4e2d\u8513\u5ef6\u6d88\u6eb6\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4e27\u5931\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8f83\u4e3a\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u6240\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u5176\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f53\u5236. \u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u5173\u952e\u906d\u53d7\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u3001\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u56db\u5468\u6c34\u8d28\u4e2d\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362(\u5373\u6c34\u4e2d\u95f4\u65ad\u6642\u95f4)\u7b49\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5371\u5bb3(Poetes et al. 2010\uff0cSamaha et al. 2012b). \u5018\u82e5\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u5904\u5728\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u8fd8\u5c06\u906d\u53d7\u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u526a\u622a\u529f\u6548\u7684\u5371\u5bb3(Barth et al. 2013). \u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u906d\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u72b6\u51b5\u66f4\u4e3a\u7e41\u6742.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">3.2.1 \u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9488\u5bf9\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f9d\u65e7\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u5168\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u6269\u5927\u8385\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u5f00\u542f\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8(Emami et al. 2011\uff0cExtrand 2006\uff0cLiu &amp; Lange\uff0c2006). \u9488\u5bf9\u6c34\u4e2d\u5904\u5728Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u529f\u6548\u4e0b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7531Young-Laplace \u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5f97\u51fa<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"h0jx34pgo3t4731.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u0394<em>p<\/em>\u4e3a\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4e24\u8fb9\u6db2\u6001\u4e0e\u6c7d\u4f53\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5dee\uff0c\u03b8\u4e3a\u6db2-\u6c14\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\uff0c<em>H<\/em>\u4e3a\u6db2\u6c14\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d\u7684\u5747\u503c\u6298\u5c04\u7387. \u5728\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u548c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u6c7d\u4f53\u5206\u538b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u5916\u578b\u652f\u6491\u529b\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4e0b\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f2f\u6298\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u989d\u5916\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a2\u03b8<em>H<\/em>\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5f2f\u6db2\u4f4d. \u5f53\u6db2\u6807\u51c6\u6c14\u538b\u5dee\u4e0e\u989d\u5916\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u76f8\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u0394<em>p<\/em>=2\u00b0<em>H<\/em>\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u800c\u5904\u5728\u7262\u56fa\u60c5\u51b5; \u5f53\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6db2\u6807\u51c6\u6c14\u538b\u5dee\u8d85\u8fc7\u989d\u5916\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u0394<em>p<\/em>&gt;2\u03b8<em>H<\/em>\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5c06\u4e27\u5931\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u571f\u5c42\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4e27\u5931\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u7279\u6027.\u00a0Rathgen \u7b49(2010)\u884c\u9a76\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u900f\u5c04\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u4e0b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u6027\u89c2\u67e5\u5230\u4e86\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5371\u5bb3.\u00a0Lei \u7b49(2010)\u9009\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u6563\u5c04\u900f\u5c04\u6cd5\u89c2\u67e5\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u5149\u6805\u5c3a\u6784\u9020\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34PDMS\u5916\u578b\u5728\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u6591\u56fe\uff0c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53d1\u89c9\u5f53\u5145\u538b\u52305 kPa\u800c\u540e\u5378\u8f7d\u6389\u65f6\uff0c\u900f\u5c04\u6591\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u590d\u539f\u72b6(\u56fe 18(a))\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86 Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u52a0\u8fdb10 kPa\u65f6\uff0c\u900f\u5c04\u6591\u56fe\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u5378\u8f7d\u6389\u540e\u6591\u56fe\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u8868\u660eCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5f7b\u5e95\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5.\u00a0Samaha \u7b49(2012b)\u884c\u9a76\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6cd5\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u6c34\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u548c\u51cf\u963b\u7387\u5f00\u5c55\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u8d8a\u5927\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027\u8d8a\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u6d88\u9000(\u56fe 18(b)).\u00a0Forsberg \u7b49(2011)\u4e00\u6837\u9009\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5728\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u529f\u6548\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u4e86\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5931\u8861\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0a\u5408\u4e4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u504f\u5dee(\u56fe 18(c)).\u00a0Xue \u7b49(2012\uff0c2015)\u4ece\u70ed\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u5145\u538b\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u7f13\u89e3\u538b\u529b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4fb5\u6da6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5404\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5f00\u5c55\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7a7a\u8680\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u5f62\u72b6\u53d8\u5316. \u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u529f\u6548\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u5173\u952e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u5728\u95f4\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ca\u5176\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f53\u5236\u4e5f\u6709\u5f85\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<table id=\"F18\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"1emtoqhpeu04732.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 18\u00a0\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3:(a)\u6c34\u4e2d\u6807\u51c6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u900f\u5c04\u6591\u56fe\u968f\u538b\u529b\u7684\u53d8\u5316(Lei et al. 2010). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u6c34\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u51cf\u5c11(Samaha et al. 2012b)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ebf\u4e3a\u6307\u6570\u503c\u7ebf\u6027\u62df\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(c)\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u5931\u8861\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u968f\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u6bd4\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\u53d8\u5316(Forsberg et al. 2011)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e09\u6761\u7ebf\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f: \u865a\u7ebf\u4e3a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6c7d\u4f53\u7f29\u5c0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6c7d\u4f53\u7f29\u5c0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u659c\u7ebf\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u529b\u5747\u8861\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5ba4\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">3.2.2 \u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f46\u906d\u53d7\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4e86\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u6f14\u53d8. \u7531\u4e8e\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u6d78\u5165\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c14\u9886\u609f\u88ab\u6392\u6c14\u9600\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5167\u90e8. \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6c34\u91cc\u6d88\u6eb6\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5206\u538b\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5206\u538b\u5b58\u6709\u5206\u538b\u68af\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6c7d\u4f53\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6c34\u91cc\u5f00\u5c55\u4e92\u6362(Enr\u00edquez et al. 2013\uff0cEnr\u00edquez et al. 2014\uff0cFlynn &amp; Bush\uff0c2008\uff0cRahn &amp; Paganelli\uff0c1968). \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u6eab\u5ea6\u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6c34\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u6d88\u6eb6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837(\u5f20\u671d\u80fd1999\uff0cSamaha et al. 2012b)\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u6c34\u8d28\u4fbf\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u6216\u662f\u9971\u548c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6c34\u91cc\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6c34\u9886\u609f\u8d8b\u4e8e\u9971\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5747\u8861\u60c5\u51b5. \u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u7c7b\u540c\u7684: \u53ea\u9700\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5. \u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u5177\u5907\u5de8\u5927\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u6d88\u6eb6\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20. \u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531Fick\u7b2c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5f8b\u5f97\u51fa<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"fqztnzrfncu4733.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<em>J<\/em>\u4e3a\u8513\u5ef6\u901a\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u6c7d\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u4f01\u4e1a\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c<em>D<\/em><sub>G<\/sub>\u4e3a\u6c7d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c<em>c<\/em><sub>G<\/sub>\u4e3a\u6c34\u91cc\u6d88\u6eb6\u6c7d\u4f53\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u503c. \u800c\u67d0\u4e00\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u5747\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5206\u538b\u4e0e\u6c34\u91cc\u6c7d\u4f53\u6d88\u6eb6\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7531Henry\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5f97\u51fa<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"k55dzfzts3n4734.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<em>p<\/em><sub>G<\/sub>\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5206\u538b\uff0c<em>K<\/em><sub>G<\/sub>\u4e3aHenry \u53c2\u91cf. \u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u9732\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u5371\u5bb3\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u5931\u8861\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61.\u00a0Bobji \u7b49(2009)\u884c\u9a76\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u5168\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u5916\u578b\u7684\u571f\u5c42\u968f\u6642\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u6d88\u6eb6\u5230\u56db\u5468\u6c34\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u65f6\u57df\u548c\u9891\u57df\u4e0e\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173.\u00a0Poetes \u7b49(2010)\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u884c\u9a76\u4e86\u5149\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u6cd5\u548c\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u89c2\u67e5\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u4e0d\u89c4\u5f8b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u5728\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u975e\u539f\u70b9\u62cd\u7167\u5230\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u51f9\u9677\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u53ca\u5176\u6c34\u4e2d\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u968f\u7740\u51cf\u5c11(\u56fe 19(a)\u548c\u56fe 19(b)).\u00a0Emami \u7b49(2013)\u6839\u636e\u6301\u7eed\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u521d\u6b21\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5e73\u884c\u9762\u7ba1\u6c9f\u6784\u9020\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b(\u56fe 19(c)).<\/p>\n<table id=\"F19\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"ezcsv55ke1r4735.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 19\u00a0\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u5bf9\u6db2{ \u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3:(a)\u571f\u5c42\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u8fd4\u5149\u6297\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u6642\u95f4\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u571f\u5c42\u8584\u539a\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d3 \u79cd\u6d78\u5165\u6df1\u5c42\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a0.5m(\u25bc)\uff0c1.1m(\u25b2)\uff0c1.3m(\u25cf)\uff0c<em>\u03c4<\/em>hs\u548c<em>\u03c4<\/em>cap \u662f\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d2\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u73af\u8282\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u6642\u95f4\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u5300\u79f0\u571f\u5c42\u5931\u8861\u73af\u8282\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5931\u8861\u73af\u8282.(b)\u8bd5\u54c1\u6d78\u5165\u6df1\u5c42\u8d8a\u91cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ebf\u4e3a\u6307\u6570\u503c\u7ebf\u6027\u62df\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c(Poetes et al. 2010). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8.(c)\u6c7d\u4f53\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u5411\u578b\u6c34\u91cc\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5f62\u72b6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u4ea7\u751f(Emami et al. 2013). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(d)\u6709\u5173\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8bef\u5dee\u5f8b(Lv et al. 2014)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ebf\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u906d\u53d7\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u548c\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5371\u5bb3(Poetes et al. 2010\uff0cSamaha et al. 2011a\uff0cSamaha et al. 2012b). \u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u968f\u7740\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u589e\u52a0\u7684\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u6c7d\u4f53\u88ab\u6324\u538b\u5f97\u8d8a\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5230\u6c34\u91cc\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u571f\u5c42\u6d88\u9000\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11. L\u00fc \u7b49(2014)\u884c\u9a76\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6027\u539f\u70b9\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u4e00\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8bef\u5dee\u5f8b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u6642\u95f4\u7279\u70b9\u9650\u5ea6(\u56fe 19(d))\uff0c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\u5177\u5907\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u9760\u8c31\u65b9\u5f0f. \u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u51cf\u5c11\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u65b9\u4f4d\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6d88\u6eb6\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6790\u51fa\uff0c\u5411\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4eceWenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u5230Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b. \u5018\u82e5\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u91cf\u5386\u4e45\u5f25\u65b0\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5411\u6c34\u8d28\u5167\u90e8\u51f8\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ee5\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u6838\u5316\u70b9\u4ea7\u751f\u6c7d\u6ce1\uff0c\u90bb\u8fd1\u6c7d\u6ce1\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u80c0\u5927\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u571f\u5c42. \u8fd9\u9488\u5bf9\u62d3\u5bbd\u6c34\u4e2d\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51cf\u963b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49. \u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u4e00\u540c\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6f14\u53d8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u539f\u7406\u90fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5f7b\u5e95\u6b63\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ca\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5256\u6790\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u8f83\u7ec6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">3.2.3 \u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u9664\u5f00\u906d\u53d7\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u53ca\u5176\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u906d\u53d7\u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u526a\u622a\u529f\u6548\u7684\u5371\u5bb3. \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6d41\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u70ed\u5bf9\u6d41\u6548\u7528\u5c06\u63d0\u9ad8(Barth et al. 2013\uff0cSamaha et al. 2012a)(\u56fe 20(a))\uff0c\u6c7d\u4f53\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8513\u5ef6\u6d88\u6eb6\u5230\u6c34\u91cc\u7684\u901f\u7387\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u9759\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3(Haase et al. 2013\uff0cSamaha et al. 2011b)\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u679c\u4e0b\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u51f9\u9677\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u571f\u5c42\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u51cf\u5c11. \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6d4b\u7b97\u6548\u4eff\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7a81\u663e\u4ea7\u751f\u6c7d\u6ce1\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u6db2\u4f53\u7c98\u6027\u526a\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u529f\u6548\u4e0b\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f62\u53d8(Hyvaluoma &amp; Harting\uff0c2008\uff0cHyvaluoma et al. 2011)(\u56fe 20(b))\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u4ece\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u8131\u9489\u624e\uff0c\u90bb\u8fd1\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8fde\u901a\u7684\u571f\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027(Gao &amp; Feng\uff0c2009). \u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u5173\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5f62\u72b6\u70ed\u5bf9\u6d41\u573a\u7279\u70b9\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u5173\u952e\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u6d4b\u7b97\u6548\u4eff\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u70b9\u7acb\u5373\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u4e5f\u6709\u5f85\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. \u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5256\u6790\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u9898\u578b\u9488\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u6c34\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F20\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"fyzvfmplvrs4736.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 20\u00a0\u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5bf9\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3:(a)\u8868\u73b0\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u820d\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6570(<em>Sh<\/em>)\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6d41\u963b(<em>Re<\/em>)\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u52a0\u5feb\u6c7d\u4f53\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u548c\u659c\u7ebf\u4e3a\u903c\u8feb\u70ed\u5bf9\u6d41\u3001\u968f\u610f\u70ed\u5bf9\u6d41\u548c\u6df7\u548c\u70ed\u5bf9\u6d41\u73af\u8282\u5185\u5bf9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u62df\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c(Samaha et al. 2012a). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5728\u6db2\u4f53\u526a\u622a\u529f\u80fd\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u5f62\u53d8\u7684\u6d4b\u7b97\u6548\u4eff\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c(Hyvaluoma &amp; Harting\uff0c2008). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">4 \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fd0\u7528<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u9488\u5bf9\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u53ef\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u578b\u81ea\u6e05\u7406(Koch et al. 2009b)\u3001\u8010\u6c61(Shiu &amp; Chen\uff0c2007)\u3001\u8010\u8150\u8680(\u00a0Zhu Y et al. 2006)\u3001\u6c34\u548c\u6cb9\u65ad\u79bb(Kwon et al. 2012)\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a. \u800c\u5c06\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u5904\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5916\u578b\u5177\u5907\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027(Karatay et al. 2013\uff0cLee et al. 2008\uff0cLee &amp; Kim\uff0c2009)\uff0c\u5728\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51cf\u963b(Carlborg &amp; van der Wijngaart 2011\uff0cCottin-Bizonne et al. 2003\uff0cDavis &amp; Lauga\uff0c2009a\uff0cLi et al. 2014\uff0cTruesdell et al. 2006)\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u9875\u9762\u8f93\u8fd0(Huang et al. 2008a)\u3001\u6291\u5236\u751f\u7269\u5165\u4fb5(Genzer &amp; Efimenko 2006\uff0cScardino et al. 2009)\u7b49\u5c42\u9762\u62e5\u6709\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u8fd0\u7528. \u8fd9\u8282\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5728\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u5f00\u5c55\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">4.1 \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u4f4e\u6ede\u540e\u6027<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8868\u73b0\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4eb2\u758f\u6709\u522b\u6c34\u813e\u6c14\u9664\u5f00\u5bf9\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u9700\u5bf9\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027\u5f00\u5c55\u8bc4\u5b9a. \u524d\u884c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e0e\u5012\u9000\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e4b\u5dee\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8003\u91cf\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u7279\u6027(\u00a0Extrand &amp; Kumagai\uff0c1997\uff0cGao &amp; McCarthy\uff0c2006a\uff0cLi &amp; Amirfazli\uff0c2005). \u6ede\u540e\u6027\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u6c34\u73e0\u9ecf\u9644\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u8d8a\u5dee\uff0c\u5916\u578b\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d; \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5916\u578b\u5438\u6c34\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d(\u5eb7\u5f3a2010\uff0cMiwa et al. 2000\uff0cSakai et al. 2006\uff0cZhu et al. 2014). \u83cf\u53f6\u7684\u81ea\u6e05\u7406\u6548\u7528\u4fbf\u662f\u884c\u9a76\u5916\u578b\u4f4e\u6ede\u540e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6c34\u73e0\u5728\u83cf\u53f6\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u7ffb\u8f6c\u6765\u5e26\u53bb\u5916\u578b\u6b8b\u6e23\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u6e05\u7406\u76ee\u5730(Barthlott &amp; Neinhuis\uff0c1997). \u5371\u5bb3\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u6ede\u540e\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5173\u952e\u6709\u4e8c\u70b9:(1)\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u80fd;(2)\u56fa-\u6db2-\u6c14\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027. \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u813e\u6c14\u53ca\u5176\u6db2-\u6c14\u3001\u6db2-\u56fa\u3001\u6c14-\u56fa\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u9762\u5b9e\u9645\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5360\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u90fd\u662f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3(Pan et al. 2013\uff0cTian et al. 2012\uff0cWong et al. 2011\uff0cYamamoto &amp; Ogata\uff0c2008). \u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u65f6\u800c\u8a00\uff0cCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5177\u5907\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8868\u89c2\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u6db2\u6001\u4e0e\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u62b5\u89e6\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u5728\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6d3b\u52a8\u4fbf\u4f1a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027. \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u8c8c\u4f1a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u56fa-\u6db2-\u6c14\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u4e09\u76f8\u7ebf\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5371\u5bb3\u6db2\u6001\u5728\u5916\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6db2\u6001\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u53d7\u632f\u8361\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e3b\u9898\u6d3b\u52a8(Chen et al. 1999\uff0cGao &amp; McCarthy\uff0c2006b\uff0cOner &amp; McCarthy\uff0c2000). \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e09\u76f8\u7ebf\u4e5f\u662f\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5173\u952e\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u81ea\u8eab\u5c31\u5b58\u6709\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u632f\u8361\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5931\u8861(Bormashenko et al. 2007d)\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5371\u5bb3\u4e09\u76f8\u7ebf\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5371\u5bb3\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027. \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5916\u578b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6db2-\u56fa\u89e6\u78b0\u603b\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8868\u89c2\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ebf\u5708\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u632f\u8361\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e09\u76f8\u7ebf\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u7262\u56fa\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e3b\u9898\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e3a\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027(Gao &amp; McCarthy\uff0c2006b\uff0cKwon et al. 2009). \u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u9488\u5bf9\u51cf\u5c11\u6db2\u6001\u5728\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4e3b\u9898\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u7279\u6027\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6269\u5927\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e09\u76f8\u89e6\u78b0\u7ebf\u4e0d\u7262\u56fa\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">4.2 \u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u754c\u9650\u79fb\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4e2d\u95f4\u5b58\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u6cd5\u5411\u4e3b\u9898\u6d3b\u52a8\u901f\u7387\u7684\u60c5\u51b5(\u5434\u627f\u4f1f\u7b492008\uff0cNeto et al. 2005\uff0cRothstein 2010). \u5728\u7d93\u5178\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u6db2\u4f53\u5728\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u662fBernoulli \u57281738 \u5e74\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65e0\u79fb\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u5047\u5b9a(Bernoulli 1738)(\u56fe 21(a)). Du Buat\u548cCoulomb\u6839\u636e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5bf9\u65e0\u79fb\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u62b5\u5236\u754c\u9650\u65e0\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u70b9. 1815 \u5e74\uff0cGirard \u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u9ecf\u6ede\u5c42\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6(\u56fe 21(b))\uff0c\u5373\u89c9\u5f97\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u5904\u5b58\u6709\u4e00\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u5c42\u6790(Girard 1815). \u63a5\u7740\uff0cNavier\u4e8e1823 \u5e74\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7ebf\u5f62\u79fb\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u5047\u5b9a(\u56fe 21(c))\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u79fb\u52a8\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u526a\u622a\u7387\u6b63\u76f8\u5173(Navier 1823)\uff0c\u5373<\/p>\n<table id=\"F21\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"qtg5mpq4h4t4737.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 21\u00a0\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650\u5b9e\u4f53\u6a21\u578b(Neto et al. 2005):(a)\u65e0\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650;(b)\u9ecf\u6ede\u5c42\u754c\u9650;(c)\u7ebf\u5f62\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"3wv5hyfnvpl4738.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<em>b<\/em>\u4e3a\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\uff0c\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u7ebf\u5f62\u53d8\u5316\u6700\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u901f\u7387\u4e3a\u96f6\u65f6\u7684\u4f2a\u9020\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u6d41\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd\uff0c<em>u<sub>s<\/sub><\/em>\u4e3a\u6d41\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u901f\u7387\uff0c<em>\u2202u<sub>x<\/sub><\/em>=<em>\u2202z<\/em>\u4e3a\u6db2\u4f53\u6cbf\u5e73\u884c\u9762\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5728\u9875\u9762\u6cd5\u5f80\u4e0a\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u526a\u622a\u7387. \u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u662f\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u53c2\u6570. \u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u65f6\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u8d8a\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u6eda\u52a8\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u80fd\u5728\u6db2-\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u5b8c\u6210\u4e9amm\u6216\u662fmm\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u539f\u6750\u6599. \u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u65f6\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u968f\u610f\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5f0f\u4f4e\u5916\u578b\u80fd\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u8f83\u5927\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u505a\u5230\u6570\u5341\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f(Vinogradova &amp; Belyaev\uff0c2011). \u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5b8c\u6210\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u63d0\u5347\u4f20\u7edf\u5f0f\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u65b0\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599. \u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u80fd\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5371\u5bb3\u6db2\u6001\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u5c42\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u813e\u6c14(Choi et al. 2003\uff0cHuang et al. 2008b\uff0cVoronov et al. 2006). \u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u80fd\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u6db2\u6001\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u7c98\u6027\u6db2\u6001\u5728\u4f4e\u5916\u578b\u80fd\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4fbf\u4f1a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u813e\u6c14(Voronov et al. 2006). \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5747\u503c\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5168\u90e8\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u80fd\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u4f4e\u6ede\u540e\u7279\u70b9; \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u526a\u622a\u81ea\u7531\u9762\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u5c24\u5176\u5f88\u662f\u5927\uff0c\u4ece\u56e2\u961f\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u56fa\u6001\u8868\u9762\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027(Vinogradova &amp; Belyaev\uff0c2011\uff0cVinogradova &amp; Dubov\uff0c2012)(\u56fe 22(a)). \u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u884c\u9a76\u5916\u578b\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u754c\u9650(Choi et al. 2006\uff0cFeuillebois et al. 2009\uff0cMuralidhar et al. 2011\uff0cYbert et al. 2007). \u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u63d0\u5347\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5fae\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u5149\u6ed1\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u878d\u5408\u539f\u6750\u6599\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5177\u5907\u6781\u4f4e\u5916\u578b\u80fd\u7684\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b(Lee &amp; Kim\uff0c2011a). \u76ee\u524d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u6570\u5341\u03bcm\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u4e9amm\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u5728\u5343\u7ea7\u548c\u6e17\u6d41\u7b49\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51cf\u963b\u7d50\u679c(\u738b\u65b0\u4eae\u7b492010\uff0cAljallis et al. 2013\uff0cBalasubramanian et al. 2004\uff0cDaniello et al. 2009\uff0cDavies et al. 2006\uff0cGogte et al. 2005\uff0cHenoch et al. 2006\uff0cLee et al. 2008\uff0cMartell et al. 2009\uff0cMartell et al. 2010\uff0cMaynes et al. 2007\uff0cOu et al. 2004\uff0cOu &amp; Rothstein\uff0c2005\uff0cWoolford et al. 2009\uff0cZhao et al. 2007)(\u56fe 22(b)).<\/p>\n<table id=\"F22\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"0jn4yct4ojx4739.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 22\u00a0\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u70b9:(a)\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u529f\u80fd\u539f\u7406\u5e73\u9762\u56fe(Vino-gradova &amp; Belyaev\uff0c2011). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u51cf\u963b\u7279\u6027(Brennan et al. 2015): \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u53ca\u5149\u6d01\u5916\u578b\u4e8c\u79cd\u8bd5\u54c1\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u6c34\u4e0b\u6d41\u573a\u963b\u529b\u7cfb\u6570\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e09\u79cd\u8d1f\u8377\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u5904\u5728Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u963b\u529b\u7cfb\u6570(\u25c7)\uff0c\u5904\u5728Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u963b\u529b\u7cfb\u6570(\u25a1)\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u4ee5\u6bd4\u7167\u7684\u5149\u6d01\u5916\u578b\u963b\u529b\u7cfb\u6570(\u25cb)\uff0c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u51cf\u963b\u7387\u8f83\u5927\u53ef\u8fbe32%. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u5f0f\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u80fd(\u4e0e\u51fa\u6db2\u89e6\u78b0\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd)\u53ca\u5176\u4f4e\u6ede\u540e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5904\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u52bf\u6d41\u4e4b\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e0e\u6c34\u4e2d\u95f4\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027. \u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7684\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u7262\u56fa\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762. \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 23(a)\u6240\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u610f\u5230\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\u7262\u56fa\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6839\u636e<em>\u03bc<\/em>-PIV \u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u6269\u5927(Tsai et al. 2009b). \u6839\u636e\u6839\u636e\u53d1\u5c55\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0cLee \u7b49(2009)\u5236\u53d6\u4e86\u5177\u5907\u4e8c\u7ea7\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b(\u56fe 23(b))\uff0c\u5e76\u884c\u9a76\u8f6c\u52a8\u6d41\u53d8\u4eea\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6784\u9020\u89c4\u683c\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u4e3a400 \u00b5m(\u56fe 23(c))\uff0c\u4e3a\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u8bd5\u9a8c\u62a5\u5bfc\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u503c. \u8fd9\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u6c34\u4e2d\u6db2 -\u56fa\u9875\u9762\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49.\u00a0Muralidhar \u7b49(2011)\u5c06\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u5927\u6982\u4e3a100 \u00b5m \u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784PDMS \u5851\u6599\u8584\u819c\u5305\u56ca\u5728\u5b9e\u82af\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u7684\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u7ed5\u6d41\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u8bd5\u9a8c. \u8bd5\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u6d41\u963b\u4e0b\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e86\u5c3e\u6d41\u533a\u6da1\u8857\u6d41\u91cf\u8ba1\u7684\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6d41\u56de\u533a\u5ef6\u957f. \u8868\u660e\u754c\u9650\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u786e\u5bf9\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u7ed5\u6d41\u5c3e\u6d41\u533a\u7684\u6da1\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7279\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u9898\u578b\u5177\u5907\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49.<\/p>\n<table id=\"F23\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"cccpmjj2uzj4740.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 23\u00a0\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5bf9\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3:(a)\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\u7262\u56fa\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5171\u805a\u7126\u663e\u5fae\u7167\u7247(Tsai et al. 2009b). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(b)\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u8be5\u5916\u578b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86400 \u03bcm\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed.(c)\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u968f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u89c4\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u8d8a\u5927(Lee &amp; Kim\uff0c2009). \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u597d\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u7a81\u663e\u6c34\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5bf9\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6027\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u5371\u5bb3. \u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u5e76\u4e0d\u548c\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7a81\u663e\u6c34\u5e73\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u6216\u6269\u5927\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5f53\u6c7d\u6ce1\u80c0\u5927\u5230\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5916\u578b\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u964d\u5fae\u8d31\u6784\u9020\u5916\u578b\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u7535\u8def\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed(Crowdy 2010\uff0cDavis &amp; Lauga\uff0c2009b\uff0cKaratay et al. 2013\uff0cSteinberger et al. 2007\uff0cSteinberger et al. 2008)\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 24\u00a0\u6240\u663e\u793a. \u5728\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7531\u4e8e\u83b1\u987f\u5f17\u7f57\u65af\u7279(Leidenfrost)\u6548\u7528\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u84b8\u6c14\u5c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u51cf\u963b\u7d50\u679c(Vakarelski et al. 2011\uff0cVakarelski et al. 2012).<\/p>\n<table id=\"F24\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 20px 5px 3px; width: 577px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"fenhhe0uj2l4741.jpg\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"left\" valign=\"middle\">\u56fe 24\u00a0\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8bd5\u54c1\u5916\u578b\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u4e0e\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5173\u8054(\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a\u6070\u9022\u8868\u9732\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5411\u6db2\u6001\u5167\u90e8\u7a81\u663e\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\u8868\u9732\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5411\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5167\u90e8\u51f9\u75d5)\uff0c\u5f53\u6c7d\u6ce1\u80c0\u5927\u5230\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u7b49\u6548\u7535\u8def\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u77ed\u51cf\u5c11:(a)\u6d4b\u7b97\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c(Steinberger et al. 2007)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u70b9\u4e3a\u6d4b\u7b97\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u84dd\u659c\u7ebf\u4e3a\u6db2\u6001\u5f7b\u5e95\u4fb5\u6da6\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6d4b\u7b97\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6de1\u9ec4\u8272\u77e9\u5f62\u6846\u5730\u533a\u4e3a\u5916\u578b\u529b\u4eea\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u7eaf\u5929\u7136\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u5168\u90e8.(b)PIV \u6280\u672f\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c(Karatay et al. 2013)\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\u5c0f\u5706\u70b9\u548c\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8bd5\u54c1\u526a\u622a\u81ea\u7531\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\u4e3a0.54\u65f6\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6d4b\u7b97\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u9c9c\u7ea2\u8272\u65b9\u70b9\u548c\u9c9c\u7ea2\u8272\u659c\u7ebf\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u8bd5\u54c1\u526a\u622a\u81ea\u7531\u9762\u5360\u6bd4\u4e3a0.38 \u65f6\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6d4b\u7b97\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u6d4b\u7b97\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u5408\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9519. \u51fa\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u82f1\u56fd\u6211\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5168\u90e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\" align=\"right\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8d85\u79fb\u52a8\u5916\u578b\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u6240\u5177\u5907\u7684\u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u6c34\u4e2d\u51fa\u822a\u5668\u3001\u8f93\u6cb9\u7ba1\u7ebf\u53ca\u5176\u5fae\u6db2\u4f53\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51cf\u963b\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u52bf\u6d41\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e3b\u9898\u6d3b\u52a8\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u6570\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6709\u6548\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6848.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">5 \u6c47\u603b\u53ca\u5c55\u671b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u4e24\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u529f\u6548. \u5176\u53cd\u6620\u5f62\u52bf\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5305\u542b\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u53ca\u5176\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8; \u906d\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5305\u542b\u6db2\u6001\u6325\u53d1\u3001\u9707\u52a8\u632f\u8361\u3001\u51b2\u51fb\u6027\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u526a\u622a\u7b49. \u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d78\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u65e9\u5df2\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u6d4b\u7b97\u6548\u4eff\uff0c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u591a\u7ea7\u522b\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5931\u8861\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u52a0\u5f3a\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u5347\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u8c8c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6491\u70b9. \u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u597d\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u8fd8\u5fc5\u9700\u5f00\u5c55\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">(1)\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u9650\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027. \u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u5316\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6784\u9020\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5173\u5fc3. \u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2\u4f53\u96c6\u6210ic\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u5b58\u6709\u51cf\u963b\u63d0\u8d28\u589e\u6548\u7b49\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u6d41\u56fa\u8026\u5408\u8ff9\u8c61. \u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0b\u7531\u4e8e\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u65b9\u6cd5. \u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5236\u53d6\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">(2)\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4f53\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. \u5927\u5360\u6bd4\u7262\u56fa\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u662f\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u5177\u5907\u7cbe\u6e5b\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20. \u4f46\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eceCassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u5230Wenzel\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ecf\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d. \u600e\u6837\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u6db2\u6001\u4fb5\u6da6\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u518d\u6b21\u4fee\u590d\u571f\u5c42\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c24\u5176\u5f88\u662f\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u4e14\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76. \u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u9488\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6807\u51c6\u53ca\u5176\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u6807\u51c6\u8fd8\u9700\u6839\u636e\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u6d4b\u7b97\u6548\u4eff\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u73af\u4fdd\u8282\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fee\u590d\u65b9\u5f0f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">(3)\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0b\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76. \u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u906d\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u9971\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c7d\u4f53\u7684\u6d88\u6eb6\u5ea6\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5371\u5bb3. \u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u5916\u90e8\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4f53\u5236\u5404\u4e0d\u7c7b\u540c. \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6c7d\u6ce1\u7075\u5de7\u80c0\u5927\u3001\u6e83\u706d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7a7a\u8680\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u4f53\u5236\u5305\u542b\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001\u7a7a\u8680\u6539\u53d8\u7b49; \u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6c34\u91cc\u6d88\u6eb6\u7684\u6c7d\u4f53\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5371\u5bb3\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u72b6. \u4ee5\u6c7d\u6ce1\u5f62\u52bf\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5fc5\u9700\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ca\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5256\u6790\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u8f83\u7ec6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">(4)\u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u526a\u622a\u529f\u6548\u4e0b\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027. \u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u5173\u52bf\u6d41\u4e2d\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5f62\u72b6\u70ed\u5bf9\u6d41\u573a\u7279\u70b9\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u5173\u952e\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u6d4b\u7b97\u6548\u4eff\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u9700\u5f00\u5c55\u5f88\u591a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63ed\u9732\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u526a\u622a\u529f\u6548\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6da6\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u5176\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u63a2\u5bfb\u9ad8\u6d41\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u8d1f\u8377\u4e0b\u5230\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u8fde\u901a\u571f\u5c42\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u5f62\u72b6\u6f14\u53d8\u4e0e\u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u85d5\u5408\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u600e\u6837\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55Cassie-Baxter\u60c5\u51b5\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u5907\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e9f\u9700\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u7684\u9898\u578b. \u63ed\u9732\u6db2-\u6c14\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u5176\u7262\u56fa\u6027\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u5bfc\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5236\u53d6\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u5b8c\u6210\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79fb\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6269\u5bbd\u591a\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5177\u5907\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u611f\u8c22\u00a0\u6211\u56fd\u5353\u5f02\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1(11225208)\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u91d1\u59d4\u81ea\u4e3b\u521b\u65b0\u4eba\u7fa4(11521202)\u652f\u52a9\u65b0\u9879\u76ee.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u8bba\u6587\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n<table style=\"color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"R\u5eb7\u5f3a2010\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">\u5eb7\u5f3a. 2010. \u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5916\u578b\u6e7f\u9ecf\u9644\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76.[\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bba\u6587]. \u5317\u4eac\u5e02:\u5317\u4eac\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66(Kang Q. 2010. Theoret-ical and experimental studies of biological wet adhesion.[Master Thesis].\u00a0Beijing:Tsinghua University).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"R\u5218\u5efa\u67972007\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">\u5218\u5efa\u6797. 2007. \u56fa\u6001\u5916\u578b\u4fb5\u6da6\u548c\u5b54\u72b6\u9ecf\u9644\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76.[\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587]. \u5317\u4eac\u5e02:\u5317\u4eac\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66(Liu J L. 2007.Mechanical study on wetting and capillary adhesion on solid surfaces.[PhD Dissertation]. Beijing:Tsinghua University).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"R\u738b\u65b0\u4eae2010\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">\u738b\u65b0\u4eae, \u72c4\u52e4\u4e30, \u5f20\u4efb\u826f, \u987e\u6625\u5143. 2010. \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u5916\u578b\u79fb\u52a8\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u51cf\u963b\u8fd0\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c. \u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u5ea6, 40:241-249(Wang X L, Di Q F, Zhang R L, Gu C Y. 2010. Progress in theories of super-hydrophobic surface slip effect and its application to drag reduction technology.\u00a0Advances in Mechanics, 40:241-249).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"R\u5434\u627f\u4f1f2008\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">\u5434\u627f\u4f1f, \u9a6c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a, \u5468\u5efa. 2008. \u6db2\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u754c\u9650\u79fb\u52a8\u9898\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c. \u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u5ea6, 38:265-282(Wu C W, Ma G J, Zhou P. 2008. A review of the study on the boundary slip problems of fluid flow.\u00a0Advances in Mechanics, 38:265-282).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"R\u5434\u627f\u4f1f2010\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">\u5434\u627f\u4f1f, \u5218\u660e, \u5b54\u7965\u6e05. 2010. \u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e0e\u4eff\u751f\u6280\u672f\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5916\u578b\u5fae\u7ed3\u6784\u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a. \u7ed3\u6784\u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u5ea6, 40:542-562(Wu C W, Zhang W, Kong X Q. 2010. The surface micro\/nanomechanical behaviors of bio-and bionic-materials.Advances in Mechanics, 40:542-562).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"R\u4e8e\u6d77\u6c5f2009\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">\u4e8e\u6d77\u6c5f, \u7f57\u6b63\u9e3f. 2009. \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76. \u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599, \u589e\u520a:916-920(Yu H J, Luo Z H. 2009 Study on the theory and application of superhydrophobic functional materials.\u00a0Journal of Functional Materials, supplement:916-920).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"R\u5f20\u671d\u80fd1999\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">\u5f20\u671d\u80fd. 1999. \u6c34\u8d28\u4e2d\u9971\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u6d88\u6eb6\u6c27\u7684\u6c42\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76. \u73af\u5883\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76, 12:54-55(Zhang C N. 2010. Study on calculation method of saturation values of dissolved oxygen in waters.\u00a0Research of Environmental Sciences, 12:54-55).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RAdera2013\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Adera S, Raj R, Enright R, Wang E N. 2013. Non-wetting droplets on hot superhydrophilic surfaces.\u00a0Nature Communications, 4:2518.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RAljallis2013\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Aljallis E, Sarshar M A, Datla R, Sikka V, Jones A, Choi C H. 2013. Experimental study of skin friction drag reduction on superhydrophobic flat plates in high Reynolds number boundary layer flow.\u00a0Physics of Fluids, 25:025103.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RAtchley1989\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Atchley A A, Prosperetti A. 1989. The crevice model of bubble nucleation.\u00a0Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 86:1065-1084.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RAytug2013\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Aytug T, Simpson J T, Lupini A R, Trejo R M, Jellison G E, Ivanov I N, Pennycook S J, Hillesheim D A, Winter K O, Christen D K, Hunter S R, Haynes J A. 2013. Optically transparent, mechanically durable, nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces enabled by spinodally phase-separated glass thin films.Nanotechnology, 24:315602.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RBahadur2008\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Bahadur V, Garimella S V. 2008. Electrowetting-based control of droplet transition and morphology on artificially microstructured surfaces.\u00a0Langmuir, 24:8338-8345.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RBalasubramanian2004\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Balasubramanian A K, Miller A C, Rediniotis O K. 2004. Microstructured hydrophobic skin for hydrody-namic drag reduction.Aiaa Journal, 42:411-414.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RBarth2013\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Barth C A, Samaha M A, Tafreshi H V, Gad-el-Hak M. 2013. Convective mass transfer from submerged superhydrophobic surfaces.\u00a0International Journal of Flow Control, 5:79.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RBarthlott1997\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Barthlott W, Neinhuis C. 1997. Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces.\u00a0Planta, 202:1-8.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RBartolo2006\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Bartolo D, Bouamrirene F, Verneuil E, Buguin A, Silberzan P, Moulinet S. 2006. Bouncing or sticky droplets:Impalement transitions on superhydrophobic micropatterned surfaces.\u00a0Europhysics Letters, 74:299-305.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RBernoulli1738\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Bernoulli D. 1738. Specimen theoriae novae de mensura sortis. Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, 5:175-192.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RBhushan2009\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Bhushan B, Jung Y C, Koch K. 2009. 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Skins of varying permeability-stabilization mechanism for gas cavitation nuclei.\u00a0Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 65:1429-1439.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhangG2013\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhang G Y, Zhang X, Huang Y, Su Z H. 2013. A surface exhibiting superoleophobicity both in air and in seawater.\u00a0Acs Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces, 5:6400-6403.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhang2011\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhang J P, Seeger S. 2011. Superoleophobic coatings with ultralow sliding angles based on silicone nanofil-aments.Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 50:6652-6656.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhang2008\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhang J H, Wang J M, Zhao Y, Xu L, Gao X F, Zheng Y M, Jiang L. 2008. How does the leaf margin make the lotus surface dry as the lotus leaf floats on water?\u00a0Soft Matter, 4:2232-2237.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhang2013\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhang Q X, Chen Y X, Guo Z, Liu H L, Wang D P, Huang X J. 2013. Bioinspired multifunctional hetero-hierarchical micro\/nanostructure tetragonal array with self-cleaning, anticorrosion, and concentrators for the SERS detection.\u00a0Acs Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces, 5:10633-10642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhangX2008\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhang X, Shi F, Niu J, Jiang Y G, Wang Z Q. 2008. Superhydrophobic surfaces:From structural control to functional application.Journal of Materials Chemistry, 18:621-633.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhao2007\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhao J P, Du X D, Shi X H. 2007. Experimental research on frication-reduction with super-hydrophobic surfaces.\u00a0Journal of Marine Science and Application, 6:58-61.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZheng2004\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zheng L J, Wu X D, Lou Z, Wu D. 2004. Superhydrophobicity from microstructured surface.\u00a0Chinese Science Bulletin, 49:1779-1787.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZheng2005\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zheng Q S, Yu Y, Zhao Z H. 2005. Effects of hydraulic pressure on the stability and transition of wetting modes of superhydrophobic surfaces.\u00a0Langmuir, 21:12207-12212.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhou2011\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhou M, Li J, Wu C X, Zhou X K, Cai L. 2011. Fluid drag reduction on superhydrophobic surfaces coated with carbon nanotube forests(CNTs).\u00a0Soft Matter, 7:4391-4396.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhu2014\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhu H, Guo Z G, Liu W M. 2014. Adhesion behaviors on superhydrophobic surfaces.\u00a0Chemical Communi-cations, 50:3900-3913.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhu2006\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhu M F, Zuo W W, Yu H, Yang W, Chen Y M. 2006. Superhydrophobic surface directly created by electrospinning based on hydrophilic material.\u00a0Journal of Materials Science, 41:3793-3797.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZhuY2006\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zhu Y, Zhang J C, Zheng Y M, Huang Z B, Feng L, Jiang L. 2006. Stable, superhydrophobic, and conductive polyaniline\/polystyrene films for corrosive enviromnents.\u00a0Advanced Functional Materials, 16:568-574.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"RZwaan2007\">\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\">Zwaan E, Le Gac S, Tsuji K, Ohl C D. 2007. Controlled cavitation in microfluidic systems.\u00a0Physical Review Letters, 98:254501.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 0px;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5927\u91cf\u7eb3\u7c73\u9632\u6c34\u65b0\u95fb\u8d44\u8baf\u8bf7\u5173\u5fc3\u201c\u6d3e\u65d7\u7eb3\u7c73\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-26760\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u6d3e\u65d7\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u6d3e\u65d7\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801-300x300.jpg 300w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u6d3e\u65d7\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801-150x150.jpg 150w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u6d3e\u65d7\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801-768x768.jpg 768w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u6d3e\u65d7\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801.jpg 860w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #999999;\"><em> \u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u9ad8\u6563\u64ad\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u65b0\u95fb\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8f6c\u622a\/\u5f15\u5165\u4e4b\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u8bf7\u8054\u7edc\u5220\u6389\u3002<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5415\u9e4f\u5b87, \u859b\u4e9a\u8f89, \u6bb5\u6167\u73b2. \u8d85\u758f\u6c34\u6750\u6599\u8868\u9762\u6db2-\u6c14\u754c\u9762\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53ca\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b. \u529b\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55, 2016, 46: 201604LV P Y, XUE Y H, DUAN H L. Stability and evolution of liquid-gas interfaces on superhydrophobic surfaces.Advances in Mechanics, 2016, 46: 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